The United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), better known as the WAVES (for Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), was the women's branch of the United States Naval Reserve during World War II. It was established on July 21, 1942 by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 30. This authorized the U.S. Navy to accept women into the Naval Reserve as commissioned officers and at the enlisted level, effective for the duration of the war plus six months. The purpose of the law was to release officers and men for sea duty and replace them with women in shore establishments. Mildred H. McAfee, on leave as president of Wellesley College, became the first director of the WAVES. She was commissioned a lieutenant commander on August 3, 1942, and later promoted to commander and then to captain.
The notion of women serving in the Navy was not widely supported in the Congress or by the Navy, even though some of the lawmakers and naval personnel did support the need for uniformed women during World War II. Public Law 689, allowing women to serve in the Navy, was due in large measure to the efforts of the Navy's Women's Advisory Council, Margaret Chung, and Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady of the United States.
To be eligible for officer candidate school, women had to be aged 20 to 49 and possess a college degree or have two years of college and two years of equivalent professional or business experience. Volunteers at the enlisted level had to be aged 20 to 35 and possess a high school or a business diploma, or have equivalent experience. The WAVES were primarily white, but 72 African-American women eventually served. The Navy's training of most WAVE officer candidates took place at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. Specialized training for officers was conducted on several college campuses and naval facilities. Most enlisted members received recruit training at Hunter College, in the Bronx, New York City. After recruit training, some women attended specialized training courses on college campuses and at naval facilities.
The WAVES served at 900 stations in the United States. The territory of Hawaii was the only overseas station where their staff was assigned. Many female officers entered fields previously held by men, such as medicine and engineering. Enlisted women served in jobs from clerical to parachute riggers. Many women experienced workplace hostility from their male counterparts. The Navy's lack of clear-cut policies, early on, was the source of many of the difficulties. The WAVES' peak strength was 86,291 members. Upon demobilization of the officer and enlisted members, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, Fleet Admiral Ernest King, and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz all commended the WAVES for their contributions to the war effort.
Homework Statement
Sketch and explain the operation of the Michelson interferometer.
How is the transmission of the interferometer modified if the amplitude transmission t and reflectivity r of the
partially-reflecting beamsplitter are not equal? What happens to the fraction of light that is...
I want to ask about question 27 in Cambridge university physics paper 9702/01 of October/November 2008
https://physics18.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/8/5/59854633/9702_w08_qp_01.pdfand question 30 in Cambridge university physics paper 9702/12 of May/June 2012...
Why are clocks not used to measure gravity waves?
Spacetime wriggle and time must also vary. It is possible to measure time very accurately and with a high resolution. Så why not use clocks to detect gravity waves?
There are many explanations on the internet, of refraction and convergence of ocean waves entering shallow water around a headland
However they all go no deeper than this statement
"Where the water is shallow the wave rays converge wave energy is greater where the wave rays spread out the...
Homework Statement
A lightly damped oscillator (mass, m, and spring constant,s, damping constant, b, with one end fixed) under
external harmonic force (F0cosωt).(i.e., Standard mass-spring system with lubricated damper, and driven by an external harmonic force.) Since it is lightly...
Dear all,
I have a question related to acoustic propagation in isotropic lossy media, more specifically generation of Lamb waves at fluid-solid interfaces. There goes the question:
I am trying to obtain the Lamb wave velocity and attenuation dispersion curves of viscoelastic materials...
I'm aware that the LIGO system uses interferometry but I'm confused how it works in this case. Do they test both beams of light? Or do they use one beam to test the wavelength of the other and see the difference? Also it is sensitive up to 10 e-18 meters, is that for the change in wavelength or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIGO#/media/File:Simplified_diagram_of_an_Advanced_LIGO_detector.png
The axis on the bottom of the graph depicts frequencies between 20-1000 Hz which are sound waves. Again, how can a sound wave (gravity waves) propagate in the near vacuum of stellar space...
As I understand the double slit experiment, an interference is created on the barrier. Usually the drawing is made as the constructive waves hit the wall perfectly in middle. Let's say the wave has a frequency f, the interference should be moving away from the middle at time t+f/4. Why we don't...
I have no idea where this belongs or if it will be deleted but would Alcubierre drive cause detectable gravitational waves? And since I'm heading out on this limb would the direction of propulsion be indiscernible?
As per the Wikipedia description it follows from a solution to the same general...
Homework Statement
I don't know how to do Question 2 part C.
Homework Equations
I know that E=hf and I know the photoelectric equation: hf = work function + 1/2mv^2The Attempt at a Solution
I honestly don't have a clue how to do part c of question 2. I think it involves one of the two...
Hello All,
I would like to know why it´s so difficult to find information about the generation of fringes in a one slit interference experiment in a water tank.
Best Regards,
DaTario
Hi!
I just had some questions. Is there any jobs or careers that directly relate with the interference of light waves. I know that an optical engineer would be one but they would create lenses for telescopes and stuff. I don't understand how that would relate to the interference of light, are...
Since gravitational waves have energy, they can curve space all by themselves. I wonder in what conditions, if any, two gravitational waves could orbit each other. Thanks.
when it is asked that why radio waves do not interact with the magnetic field of electric wires or magnets, people say that radio waves are not "matter" and they do not have "charge". i really can not understand this for ex think about 2 magnets. The magnet A has a magnetic field and when we put...
Question: The speed of waves in shallow water depends only on the acceleration due to gravity (g) and the water depth (h). Which of the following formulas describes the speed of the wave?
a) (1/2)gh^2
b) gh
c) h/g
d)(gh)^(1/2)
Attempt:
Change in V = at
t= ΔV/a
Δx=vt+(1/2)at2
Δx =...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Harmonics equations
The Attempt at a Solution
So, I got (A), which is the answer key is correct, but I'm not sure whether my reasoning is right or not. Would this be considered a closed-end air column question? Anyways, according to the length-wavelength...
They say that substances have color because when light waves of all colors hit the substance, the atoms do absorb all the colors, except those that is its color.
Red substance is red because it absorbs all the color waves, but reflects the red waves.
But all the color waves the red substance...
Hi all, is my description below a reasonable attempt in explaining how a standing wave forms?
The main part I am a bit confused as to how to explain is why the antinodes move up and down. Thanks!A standing wave is formed when energy of a wave of the right frequency is trapped in the system...
1. “The profile of a transverse harmonic wave, traveling at 1.2 m s^-1 is given by y(x)=(0.02 m)sin[157 rad m^-1)x]. Determine amplitude, wavelength, frequency, angular frequency, and period.
Homework Equations
y(x,t)=Acos(kx-wt)[/B]The Attempt at a Solution
I attempted to change it to a...
I was thinking about light and sound and then I thought "what about smells?".
What I mean is, what's the physics behind a smell?? Is it a wave, is there particles that you smell?? It sounds weird but I'm really curious about this.
I understand it might be in the biology sort-of area but then...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
a. ##{ P }_{ avg }=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \mu v{ \omega }^{ 2 }{ A }^{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } 0.075\frac { 10 }{ 3 } { 0.35 }^{ 2 }{ (10\pi ) }^{ 2 }=15.1W##
b. Not sure how to calculate that... I'm guessing it'd be some integral over 1...
2 sound waves that are mathematical polarities cancel each other out according to my audio engineering book. I thought energy cannot be destroyed, just changed. Am I wrong? What happens to the energy? Same question could be applied to matter and anti matter right?
Homework Statement
Problem: https://imgur.com/a/ppDy6
Calculate the fluid speed at a certain point
Given fluid and sound speed before the point
Length of the conduct
2. Useful Equations:
Uniformly accelerated motion(my solution)
I have been studying this problem it for some time, have...
Homework Statement
Express the following in the form x = Re{Aeiαeiωt}
(a) x= cos(ωt) + sin(wt)
(b) x= sin(ωt +π/4) + cos(ωt)
(c) x= 2cos(ωt+π/3) + (√3)sin(ωt)-cos(ωt)
Homework Equations
cos x = 1/2 e^ix + 1/2 e^-ix
sin x = − i/ 2e^ix + i/2 e^−ix
The Attempt at a Solution
To be honest, I have...
Homework Statement
The input signal to the interferometer shown in the picture below is given by:
$$E_{\text{in}}=\sqrt{P}\exp\left(j\omega_{0}t+\frac{jD(t)\pi}{2}+j\varphi_{p}(t)\right). \tag{1}$$
##P## is the power that is received. The delay present in one arm of the interferometer is...
Dear all,
In a recent talk, I have heard that speed of gravitational waves is non-dispersive.
How is it proved "observationally" in LIGO detections that all the frequencies travel with the same speed, so one can say the speed is non-dispersive?
Hi,
I wonder why the energy that waves transfer is only dependent on amplitude?
E.g. in this animation:
http://lifecdn.dailyburn.com/life/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/2.Alternating-Slam4.gif
The waves on the rope transfer energy to the items on the right side.
Wouldn't there be transferred...
When the water waves go through one wide slit (slit wider than wave length), there's no fringes, the water waves spread all over the sides, like in this pic:
http://electron6.phys.utk.edu/light/images1-3/misc3b.jpg
or in this pic...
I just want to know does any random equation of the form y=f (x-vt) reppresent a wave?? If yes why?? And is this true for all cases or is there any condition?
When sea waves approach the shore they roll up and break due to different velocities of water layers formed due to the gradual change in water depth. The highest wave peaks move faster than all other layers and thus falls down. All other layers fall the same way but in a delay. this ends up with...
Okay, I have a very simple question that...Suppose we have a very wide cube(dense and hard)...We place two persons at each of its ends...One the persons strikes its surface at one end. Now this person A will hear the sound due to vibrations of that end's surface (which further vibrate the air...
1. The problem statement, all variables, and given/known data
Consider a two-loop standing wave on a string. If we increase the tension without changing the frequency, what kind of standing wave can we obtain?
(a) one-loop (b) three-loop
Homework Equations
Velocity = square root of(T/U)...
Hello all,
I am doing this question where it asks if I increase the tension of a two loop standing wave without changing the frequency, what kind of standing wave will I get? I came to the conclusion that it would become a one loop standing wave as f= 2L/(n) as I plugged in 2 for n and I got...
A while ago, I saw an explanation of radio waves. Overall, it's a decent vid. I bumped into some nasty problems.
Basically, the image shows that the wavelength of a EM-wave corresponds to the height of the antenna. The visualisation however can't be right since the wave cannot go upwards- the...
Hi, I wonder
is it possible sound wave heat material that high that the material goes up in flames?
Or what other type of frequency can make some materials burn?
Hey guys,
if I consider a Bernoulli-Beam with a constant jump in cross- section as shown below
Then I get the two differential equations for the bending mentioned above.
Let us now assume that a traveling wave from the left w_incident = C*cos(k_1*x - ωt) arrives at t = 0 at the jump of...
Finally... this month, Virgo and LIGO look for gravitational waves together (they started yesterday). The Virgo detector is a bit less sensitive than the LIGO detectors at the moment, but it is still a big improvement:
It is an independent experiment, on a different continent run by different...
It seems that with the 2016 LIGO and VIRGO confirmation of the gravitational chirp that we have also experimental confirmation that the speed is indeed the speed of light. True?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_observation_of_gravitational_waves#Direct_observation
Hi all,
Is there any way to impart a transformation upon a radio wave's reflection from an object, such that the reflected wave is different from the original signal in some way (frequency, phase, etc.)? Not sure what this would require (maybe a constant and active coordinated interference...
In classical physics, EM waves propagate this is one of the main features of all waves in general. Usually for mechanical waves the elements (like molecules) that vibrate do some little motion. For example a string can move up and down, but the waves travel further through propagation. The...
If we move towards a source of EM waves, in our reference frame the frequency appears (and it is) higher than what a stationary observer will see due to Doppler effect. The field transformations show that these two observers will se static fields differently so I would also expect that the peak...
Generally sound waves are depicted as simple sine waves, where volume is related to amplitude, and there is periodic motion. Realistically sound waves aren’t as simple. I attached a picture of a dissipating sound wave. I would appreciate if you guys could answer a couple questions I have about...
when antiparticles meet then they destroy each other... It sounds like how waves act when opposite waves pass over one another and you have destructive interference, is there any correlation?