The United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), better known as the WAVES (for Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), was the women's branch of the United States Naval Reserve during World War II. It was established on July 21, 1942 by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 30. This authorized the U.S. Navy to accept women into the Naval Reserve as commissioned officers and at the enlisted level, effective for the duration of the war plus six months. The purpose of the law was to release officers and men for sea duty and replace them with women in shore establishments. Mildred H. McAfee, on leave as president of Wellesley College, became the first director of the WAVES. She was commissioned a lieutenant commander on August 3, 1942, and later promoted to commander and then to captain.
The notion of women serving in the Navy was not widely supported in the Congress or by the Navy, even though some of the lawmakers and naval personnel did support the need for uniformed women during World War II. Public Law 689, allowing women to serve in the Navy, was due in large measure to the efforts of the Navy's Women's Advisory Council, Margaret Chung, and Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady of the United States.
To be eligible for officer candidate school, women had to be aged 20 to 49 and possess a college degree or have two years of college and two years of equivalent professional or business experience. Volunteers at the enlisted level had to be aged 20 to 35 and possess a high school or a business diploma, or have equivalent experience. The WAVES were primarily white, but 72 African-American women eventually served. The Navy's training of most WAVE officer candidates took place at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. Specialized training for officers was conducted on several college campuses and naval facilities. Most enlisted members received recruit training at Hunter College, in the Bronx, New York City. After recruit training, some women attended specialized training courses on college campuses and at naval facilities.
The WAVES served at 900 stations in the United States. The territory of Hawaii was the only overseas station where their staff was assigned. Many female officers entered fields previously held by men, such as medicine and engineering. Enlisted women served in jobs from clerical to parachute riggers. Many women experienced workplace hostility from their male counterparts. The Navy's lack of clear-cut policies, early on, was the source of many of the difficulties. The WAVES' peak strength was 86,291 members. Upon demobilization of the officer and enlisted members, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, Fleet Admiral Ernest King, and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz all commended the WAVES for their contributions to the war effort.
For example, the term angular frequency, it units is radian per second. For phase, it is also measured in radians or degrees, why is that? Why is the math the same when you use angles to describe oscillations?
Hi when i found out about the presence of gravity waves, i first thought 'what happens if they were to be reversed' and then i thought 'what happens to space time in between these waves?'
thanks
I know that the electromagnetic waves are alternating electric and magnetic fields. But I don't get why the fields can't stand still and alternate at the same point. Why they always move ?? I would prefer a logical and verbal answer rather than a mathematical answer. But if mathematics helps...
So far I have came to know that when a charge is accelerated the electric field magnitude around the charge changes and the effect is not felt instantaneously. The change in magnitudes of electric and magnetic field travels outwards at speed of light creating the so called EM wave.
So the EM...
I'm at an internship and I saw a container labeled ultrasonic gel, which is used to prevent air from coming between a scanner and the human body. This is necessary because apparently ultrasound doesn't travel through air well. Why is this? (don't say because the density is low, because I will...
Hi
I am currently writing a sci fi book for children, and I wonder what happens with a spacecraft if it sails through powerful gravity waves? Does it have any consequences for the ship/crew at all? How abundant are gravity waves in space if you are sailing between stars or galaxies?
Thank you!
I have been trying to find a method to predict the polarization effects of a plasma with a B Field on low frequency waves. From Chen's Intro to Plasma Physics and Fitzpatrick's Plasma Physics I understand the development of the dielectric tensor and calculation of dispersion with the B field but...
Hello,
I would like to ask, if somebody knows anything about comparison post-Newtonian approximation of gravitational waves and these which were detected. Or generally post-Newtonian predictions vs. facts found in detection. I tried find some article but I didn't find. Please let me know what...
- What exactly is the equilibrium of the waves that is shown on graphs? My understanding is that the oscillations are in the strengths of the field, and different sides of the equilibrium represent different directions of the fields. However, I feel as though this contradicts itself in some...
Homework Statement
A rope has an end fixed and the other is passing through a pulley and has a body attached to it. The fondamental frequency of the rope is initially ##f_1=400 Hz##. If the body is then put in water the fondamental frequency of the rope becomes ##f_2=345 Hz##. If the linear...
So we know that in GR electromagnetic waves have their trajectories effected by the gravity of stars and planets. But how about gravitational waves. Are their trajectories altered by gravity? If so, would this imply that gravitons are self-interacting if they exist?
I read this statement from Lenard Audio.
"When a large signal spike is created by un-plugging or plugging in signal leads, or when a pre-amp valve is driven hard into distortion (guitar amps), a large non-symmetrical square wave may cause a temporary DC Voltage to appear across a coupling...
Acoustic waves started right after the end of inflation.
But on the other hand I always read that the first perturbations reentered the horizon after ±50.000 years.
These two fact I cannot cope. A reentering of perturbations at different times also don't go with the synchronicity of the waves...
So I have basic knowledge of radio waves and how they work but how does an amplifier boost the signal? Does it just make the waves stronger (if so how) or does it effect another aspect of the radio wave?
Thanks in advance for the assistance.
How are the intensity of a sound wave and the Doppler shift of frequency related togheter?
That is, if the source or the observer are in relative motion, how does the intensity change?
For a sound wave $$I=\frac{1}{2} \rho \omega^2 A^2 c=2 \pi^2 \rho f^2 A^2c$$
(##c## is sound speed, ##\rho##...
Think at a cop car with a siren that moves with a velocity Vc, it emits a sound with a velocity C
Now think about a person that doesn't move, in front of the cop car, shouldn't he register that the speed of the sound emited is Vs= Vc+ C?
According to the galileian equations (true for v <<c...
Homework Statement
You have a device that can measure sound waves only if the frequency of the wave is in the range ##0.8 kHz- 20 kHz##. You have a whistle that produces sound waves at ##21.5kHz##. You ride a bike moving away from a wall, at the same time you blow the whistle and hold the...
Maybe this sounds mad, but does anyone think it would be possible to see wavelengths that are beyond visible light, maybe through genetic engineering or through other technology? There are many animals than can see infrared & UV. Wouldn't it be cool if we could see what radio waves look like?
I've heard of photons being described as a wave/particle duality. But what evidence is there that individual photons behave like anything other than a particle? I can see how photons en masse can display wave/particle characteristics, but what evidence is there that any individual photon...
In standard Bohmian Mechanics, does the pilot wave support counterfactual definiteness? How about other variants of BM, don't they? Can you mention or bring up a site that summarize all variants of BH and whether the pilot wave in each support counterfactual definiteness. Thank you.
Every moving object has a wave associated with it. If a electron is moving with a speed v we can use ##\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}## to calculate the wavelength of the associated wave and thus the frequency can be calculated. This frequency denotes some kind of oscillation. So what is oscillating here?
Homework Statement
transverse wave is traveling through a wire in a positive direction of the x-axes. Distance od the wire particles in the motion of the wave can be described as ##y(x,t)=53*10^{-6}sin(188t-3.14x)## Find the ratio of the phase wave speed and maximal speed of the wire particles...
Homework Statement
https://session.masteringphysics.com/problemAsset/1383558/3/21.EX26.jpg
Make a table with rows labeled P, Q, and R and columns labeled r1, r2, Δr, and C/D. Fill in the table for points P, Q, and R, giving the distances as multiples of λ and indicating, with a C or a D...
I am very confused. Here are a couple of facts I can't connect :
Quanta is the Delta of values of energy.
Quanta is a packet of energy.
a packet doesn't really stop at a finite distance from its peak.
The Energy of a wave is the total energy of its quantas.
http://news.mit.edu/2016/second-time-ligo-detects-gravitational-waves-0615
This seems to be the year of black holes, between LIGO, and new theories of black holes being 2D objects instead of 3D masses.
Anyway, I thought this was very interesting news and wanted to share :)
I've always read in my Physics textbooks that high energy EM waves like x-rays and gamma rays, if our body is exposed to them for a long time, can damage the skin significantly. However, how does that happen at an atomic level?
As far as I'm concerned, the thing that differentiates a high...
Hi everyone... So, I may be putting too much thought into this. But I'm studying for my Ham Radio license, and I was pondering the size of our allotted range of frequencies. The lowest frequency is in the 160 meter range (clocking in at 1.8 Mhz) So, of course I was thinking what other things...
Now, whenever I asked this question, my teachers either responded with a diagram of a wave like this (psst! it doesn't move in real life, I didn't go to Hogwarts.):
or often referred to the analogy of water waves (when you drop something in water, the wave goes outward).
But when we talk...
(Sorry for my poor english.) I'm just wondering why is it necessary to have oscillating EM fields for life existing on Earth. The sun has a magnetic field (I think a static one), so why it's not enough to life exists? Also, why we and other animals only see the objects if the fields are oscillating?
Homework Statement
Here is the seismogram in question: http://postimg.org/image/iu0dozetn/
There are many parts to this question, but I only need help with this one: Measure the S wave arrival time.
Homework Equations
NA
3. Attempts at a Solution
I know that the P waves arrive at 40...
The Michelson-Morley Experiment (as depicted in the scishow YouTube video "The Greatest Failed Experiment Ever") which was used to test for the effects of 'Aether Wind' appears to be almost, if not completely, the same setup as the one used in a gravitational-wave observatory. Why is the success...
Hi,
First: I'm pretty sure my question has been asked numerous times, so I'm absolutely happy with links to other threads. I've used search but it didn't come up with satisfying responses, probably mainly because I don't really know what search terms to use.
So the question is: How can a...
Hey all, how does one solve sin(ax + by + c) = sin(ix + jy + d) for d and c if you only know the difference between d and c? Any help appreciated, simply arcsin'ing both sides does not work as you get impossible answers in the exact example I had.
An EM wave is nothing but just magnetic and electric fields regenerating each other. Now if a charge oscillates and it produces sinusoidally varying magnetic field which induces an electric field perpendicular to it at the same place.This induced electric field even varies sinusoidally thus...
Homework Statement
A person stands in an open space listening to the sound from two speakers. The speakers generate sound with a frequency of 489.5 Hz, the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s. The speakers are 2.00 m apart and the person walks away from one of the speakers along a line that is...
Homework Statement
[/B]Homework Equations
I honestly do not know any relevant equations for this relationship.
Well except f=v/2l.
The Attempt at a Solution
The only thing I could assume that it was was some sort of error , but I cannot find much material on the topic , so I was hoping to get...
Homework Statement
Which waves can have a constructive interference?
Homework Equations
∆x=kλ
The Attempt at a Solution
I think that waves with the same frequency and phase can have a constructive interference. What if they only have the same frequency? Can they create constructive interference?
Hey!
I am about to start my Bachelor's thesis about General Relativity. My professor mentioned that my thesis might as well be related to Gravitational Waves. Do you think that it would be appropriate to work on Gravitational Waves for a Bachelor's thesis? Isn't it too advanced?
Also, any idea...
Homework Statement
A picture of the problem can be found here: https://gyazo.com/a92447dcfebed53d4cbd12fc94300d9c[/B]
Homework Equations
So, I've already finished part A. For part B, I'm trying to figure out how to equate the two with mass on either side of the equation so that I can solve for...
One of my students asked me the seemingly innocuous question of "how does wind affect the speed of sound?". My immediate thought was that the velocity of the wave would be the vector sum of the velocity of the wind and the velocity of sound waves in still air. However, upon further reflection I...
Hi,
I stumbled upon thinking that "Is curl operator a linear operator" ?
I was reading EM Theory and studied that the electromagnetic field satisfies the curl relations of E and B. But if the operator was not linear then how can a non linear operator give rise to a linear solution. Thus it...
I do not understand why standing sound waves can be formed in a one-side or two-side open tube. Consider a one-side open tube.
In particular how does the reflection of the wave at the open end occur? I found the following explanation.
I do not get why the pressure at the open end cannot vary...
(I'm sorry for my poor English.) I draw a sketch showing the intensity of the magnetic field at two points p1 and p2, where the distance from the source (a wire carrying a current, for example) to p2 is greater than it's for p1. Is the shape of the curve correct? Is it correct that t2-t1/c is...
I'm having trouble understanding how light travels as waves and particles. I think it should be one or the other and not both. I'm thinking that light travels only as particles and only linear.
The fact that light wraps around things is due to the lensing effect that light does naturally...
If things such as quantum entanglement and the expansion of space can travel faster than light, then why can't gravitational waves, which are vibrations of spacetime? I thought that only matter cannot move through space faster than light. Also, has it been 100 percent proven that gravity waves...
Hi there,
I am reading a book regarding fundamental atomic physics, in which it introduces one kind of electronic scattering called Kapitsa–Dirac effect. I read the some introduction in wiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitsa%E2%80%93Dirac_effect, and it states that the effect was first...
Hi,
I'm taking an undergrad course in Electromagnetism and Optics, and in the lecture notes it reads:
"Consider the formal equation ε0D⋅E = 1 ... that must be obeyed for waves traveling in different directions as defined by the wave vector k but with a given energy density."
Could anyone help me...
Homework Statement
The ends of a stretched wire of length L are fixed at x=0 and x=L. In one experiment, the displacement of the wire is given by ##y=A\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{L}\right)\sin(\omega t)## and its energy is ##E_1##. In another experiment, the displacement of wire is given by...