Astronomy: Speed at the edge of the galaxy

In summary, the conversation discusses the calculation of the velocity of a star at the edge of a galaxy, given the number and distribution of stars in the galaxy. The conversation also mentions the use of the Shell Theorem and the challenges of solving the integral using Mathematica.
  • #1
razidan
75
1

Homework Statement


The number of stars in the galaxy is N=10^12 and the radius of the galaxy is Rgalaxy = 20 kPc
Let m be the average mass of a star in the galaxy.
what is the velocity of a star at the edge of the galaxy (relative to the center of the galaxy)

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution


I had to make 2 assumptions here:
1) uniform distribution of stars, ## σ=\frac{Nm}{\pi R^2}## .
2) the star in question is at a distance of R+##\epsilon## from the center, and then take the limit of ##\epsilon ## goes to 1 light year (or any other distance that is way smaller then R).

In order to solve the question I need to find the force, F, on the star and solve ##F=\frac{mv^2}{R}## for v.

In order to find the force, one has to solve the integral ##F=Gmσ \int\limits_0^R\int_0^{2\pi}\frac{rdrd\theta}{(R+\epsilon)^2+r^2-2rRCos(\Theta)}##.
And that is where I'm stuck.
Ideas?

Thanks,
Raz.
 
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  • #3
phyzguy said:
Try looking up the Shell Theorem.
Hmm... Haven't thought of that. But what if the distribution is exponential (##e##)? will the shell theorem still hold?
My intuition says that different distributions will result in different speeds.
 
  • #4
The shell theorem always holds as long as the distribution is spherically symmetric.
 
  • #5
phyzguy said:
The shell theorem always holds as long as the distribution is spherically symmetric.
Thanks. that simplifies things...
any ideas as to why Mathematica won't solve that integral, though?
 

1. What is the speed at the edge of the galaxy?

The speed at the edge of the galaxy varies depending on the specific location and direction. On average, stars at the edge of the galaxy move at a speed of about 135 miles per second.

2. How is the speed at the edge of the galaxy measured?

The speed at the edge of the galaxy is measured using a technique called spectroscopy. This involves analyzing the light emitted by stars and other objects in the galaxy to determine their velocity and direction of motion.

3. Why is the speed at the edge of the galaxy important?

The speed at the edge of the galaxy is important because it provides insights into the structure and dynamics of our galaxy. It can also help us understand how galaxies form and evolve.

4. Can the speed at the edge of the galaxy change over time?

Yes, the speed at the edge of the galaxy can change over time due to various factors such as gravitational interactions with other galaxies, the distribution of dark matter, and the evolution of the Milky Way itself.

5. Is the speed at the edge of the galaxy the same for all galaxies?

No, the speed at the edge of the galaxy can vary among different galaxies depending on their size, mass, and environment. Smaller galaxies may have higher speeds at their edges, while larger galaxies may have lower speeds.

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