Bending stress in a cylinder refers to the stress that is produced when a cylinder is subjected to a bending moment, causing it to bend or deform. This type of stress is caused by the distribution of forces acting on the cylinder and can result in tension or compression on different parts of the cylinder.
The bending stress in a cylinder can be calculated using the formula σ = Mc/I, where σ is the bending stress, M is the bending moment, c is the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost point of the cylinder, and I is the moment of inertia of the cylinder. This formula is based on the assumption that the cylinder is homogeneous and has a circular cross-section.
Circumferential stress in a cylinder refers to the stress that is caused by the distribution of forces acting in a tangential direction around the circumference of the cylinder. This type of stress is commonly seen in pressurized cylinders, where the internal pressure causes the cylinder to expand and experience stress along its circumference.
The circumferential stress in a cylinder can be calculated using the formula σ = pr/t, where σ is the circumferential stress, p is the internal pressure, r is the radius of the cylinder, and t is the thickness of the cylinder wall. This formula is based on the assumption that the cylinder is thin-walled and the stress is uniform across the wall thickness.
Bending stress and circumferential stress are two types of stress that can coexist in a cylinder. Bending stress is caused by external forces acting on the cylinder, while circumferential stress is caused by internal pressure. In some cases, the two types of stress can interact and affect each other, resulting in combined stresses that must be taken into consideration in engineering design.