Scientists use a combination of observation, mathematics, and computer simulations to calculate the orbits of planets in the Solar System. They gather data on the positions and movements of the planets using telescopes and spacecraft, and then use mathematical equations and computer programs to model and predict their orbits.
The orbit of a planet is affected by its mass, the mass of the Sun, and the distance between the two bodies. Other factors, such as the gravitational pull of other planets and the shape of the planet's orbit, can also have an impact on its trajectory.
The calculated orbits of planets in the Solar System are incredibly accurate. With advancements in technology and data gathering, scientists are able to predict the position of a planet with a margin of error of less than 1%.
Yes, the orbit of a planet can change over time due to various factors such as gravitational interactions with other objects, the planet's own rotation and tilt, and even external forces like solar wind. These changes are often subtle and can take place over long periods of time.
Calculating the orbits of planets is important for understanding the dynamics of the Solar System and how the planets interact with each other. It also allows us to accurately predict the positions of planets for space exploration missions and to understand the potential effects of any changes in their orbits in the future.