Final electric potential difference in a circuit with two capacitors

In summary, the conversation discusses determining the final potential difference for two capacitors with different initial potentials. The solution involves finding the expressions for both capacitors and setting them equal to each other to find a system of equations with two unknowns.
  • #1
greg_rack
Gold Member
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Homework Statement
FIGURE ATTACHED BELOW
##C_{1}=2.00\mu F, q_{1}=6.00\mu C, C_{2}=8.00\mu F, q_{2}=12.0\mu C##
The circuit gets closed and charge flows until the two capacitors have the same electric potential difference ##V_{F}## across its terminals.
-calculate ##V_{F}##.
Relevant Equations
##q=CV##
IMG_4628.JPG
So, each capacitor must have a different potential difference, given by its capacity and charge... this would cause charge and current accordingly to flow in the circuit.
But how do I determine the final potential difference, which would of course be the same for both of them? I have tried writing down something, which I've found out to be unuseful to solve this problem.
 
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  • #2
The capacitors start out with different potentials across them. What are they?

If some amount of charge, say ##\Delta q## moves from the higher potential capacitor to the lower potential one, what expressions can you write for those new potentials?
 
  • #3
gneill said:
The capacitors start out with different potentials across them. What are they?

If some amount of charge, say ##\Delta q## moves from the higher potential capacitor to the lower potential one, what expressions can you write for those new potentials?
Ok, so, since ##V_{1}>V_{2}##, I'll have a ##\Delta q## transferring from 1 to 2, so the final potential ##V_{f}## is going to be: ##V_{1f}=V_{2f}=V_{f}=\frac{q_{1}-\Delta q}{C_{1}}##... that makes sense, right?
 
  • #4
greg_rack said:
Ok, so, since ##V_{1}>V_{2}##, I'll have a ##\Delta q## transferring from 1 to 2, so the final potential ##V_{f}## is going to be: ##V_{1f}=V_{2f}=V_{f}=\frac{q_{1}-\Delta q}{C_{1}}##... that makes sense, right?
Yes. But you're left with two unknowns: ##V_f## and ##\Delta q##. Write the expressions for both of the capacitors and you'll have two equations in those two unknowns.
 
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  • #5
gneill said:
Yes. But you're left with two unknowns: ##V_f## and ##\Delta q##. Write the expressions for both of the capacitors and you'll have two equations in those two unknowns.
Yep, sure!
Thank you very much :)
 

1. What is the formula for calculating the final electric potential difference in a circuit with two capacitors?

The formula for calculating the final electric potential difference in a circuit with two capacitors is Vf = (C1V1 + C2V2) / (C1 + C2), where Vf is the final electric potential difference, C1 and C2 are the capacitances of the two capacitors, and V1 and V2 are the initial electric potential differences across each capacitor.

2. How does the capacitance of each capacitor affect the final electric potential difference in the circuit?

The capacitance of each capacitor directly affects the final electric potential difference in the circuit. The higher the capacitance, the more charge each capacitor can store. This means that the final electric potential difference will be higher when the capacitance of each capacitor is higher.

3. Can the final electric potential difference in the circuit be negative?

Yes, the final electric potential difference in the circuit can be negative. This can happen when the initial electric potential differences across the two capacitors are opposite in polarity, causing the final electric potential difference to be negative.

4. What happens to the final electric potential difference if one of the capacitors is removed from the circuit?

If one of the capacitors is removed from the circuit, the final electric potential difference will decrease. This is because the total capacitance in the circuit decreases, resulting in a lower final electric potential difference according to the formula Vf = (C1V1 + C2V2) / (C1 + C2).

5. How does the placement of the capacitors in the circuit affect the final electric potential difference?

The placement of the capacitors in the circuit does not affect the final electric potential difference. As long as the two capacitors are connected in parallel, the final electric potential difference will be the same regardless of their placement in the circuit.

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