Basal metabolism, also known as basal metabolic rate (BMR), is the minimum amount of energy that the body requires to maintain basic functions while at rest. This includes processes such as breathing, blood circulation, and cellular repair and maintenance.
Basal metabolism can be influenced by a variety of factors, including age, gender, body size and composition, hormone levels, and genetics. Additionally, factors such as illness, stress, and certain medications can also affect BMR.
Basal metabolism is typically measured through indirect calorimetry, which involves measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced by the body. This information is then used to calculate the body's metabolic rate. Other methods, such as using equations based on height, weight, and age, can also be used to estimate BMR.
Yes, basal metabolism can change over time. Factors such as age, body weight, and hormone levels can all affect BMR. Additionally, changes in lifestyle, such as increased physical activity or changes in diet, can also impact basal metabolism.
Basal metabolism plays a role in weight loss or gain because it accounts for a significant portion of the body's total energy expenditure. If BMR decreases, the body will burn fewer calories at rest. This can make it more difficult to lose weight, while an increase in BMR can make it easier to maintain or lose weight.