How to Derive the Equation for Internal Energy in Thermodynamics Homework?

The correct problem should be: Derive the equation##U=T(\frac{\partial A}{\partial T})_V##where ##U## is the internal energy, ##T## is the temperature, ##A## is the Helmholtz function.Reference: Heat and Thermodynamics, Zemansky, Dittman, Page 272, Problem 10.4 (a)In summary, the equation ##U=T(\frac{\partial A}{\partial T})_V## can be derived by considering the properties of the Helmholtz function and the first law of thermodynamics. This equation is important in understanding the relationship between internal energy, temperature, and the Helmholtz function in thermodynamic
  • #1
arpon
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Homework Statement


Derive the equation
##U=-T(\frac{\partial A}{\partial T})_V##
where ##U## is the internal energy, ##T## is the temperature, ##A## is the Helmholtz function.

Reference: Heat and Thermodynamics, Zemansky, Dittman, Page 272, Problem 10.4 (a)

Homework Equations


##dA=-PdV-SdT## ... (i) [##S## is the entropy]
##A=U-TS## ... (ii)

The Attempt at a Solution


As ##A(V,T)## is a state function,
##dA = (\frac{\partial A}{\partial V})_T dV + (\frac{\partial A}{\partial T})_V dT## ... (iii)
Comparing (i) and (iii),
##(\frac{\partial A}{\partial V})_T = -P## ... (iv)
and ##(\frac{\partial A}{\partial T})_V = -S## ... (v)
Using (ii) and (v),
##U = A +TS = A- T(\frac{\partial A}{\partial T})_V##
Any help would be appreciated.
 
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  • #2
I think your solution is correct while the problem as stated is wrong.
 
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1. What is the first law of thermodynamics and how does it apply to problem solving?

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only transferred or converted from one form to another. When solving problems in thermodynamics, this law helps us understand the conservation of energy and how it is related to different forms of energy, such as heat and work.

2. How do I know if a thermodynamics problem is considered an open or closed system?

An open system is one in which both energy and matter can enter or leave the system. In contrast, a closed system does not allow the transfer of matter, but only energy. To determine the type of system in a problem, look for any mention of materials entering or exiting the system. If there are no such mentions, then the problem can be considered a closed system.

3. Can you explain the difference between enthalpy and internal energy?

Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a system, including its internal energy and the energy required to overcome any external pressure. In contrast, internal energy refers to the energy contained within a system, regardless of any external forces acting on it. In thermodynamics problems, enthalpy is often used to describe energy changes in a system, while internal energy is used to calculate the change in temperature.

4. How do I approach solving a thermodynamics problem with multiple phases?

When dealing with multiple phases, it is essential to consider the different properties of each phase and how they may affect the overall system. This includes understanding how heat is transferred between phases, how phase changes occur, and how to calculate the energy required for these changes. It is also crucial to carefully define the boundaries of each phase and the system as a whole.

5. What are some common assumptions made when solving thermodynamics problems?

Some common assumptions made in thermodynamics problems include assuming ideal gas behavior, ignoring friction and other sources of energy loss, and assuming a steady-state system. These assumptions can help simplify calculations and make problems more manageable, but it is essential to consider their accuracy and limitations in real-world scenarios.

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