Interesting Feymann statement about probability.

[Portuga]

1. Hello gentlemen! I've studying the Feymann lectures, and I came across an interesting question, from reading the chapter 6, about probability.
In this chapter, Feymann deduces the binomial distribution, and I am ok with that.
But, in the 3rd section, when adresses to the random walk problem, he registered something that was very cumbersome for me to understand.
Let me try to explain.
He deal with two variables when solving the binomial distribution problem: n, the number of tosses of a "fair" coin; and k, the number of heads thrown. In the end, he gets:
$P(k,n)=\frac{\left( \stackrel{n}{k} \right)}{2^n}.$

Ok, I got the point.
But later, he starts to solve the random walk problem, and introduces another variable, D, which is the net distance traveled in N steps.
Ok.
Stablishing a relation to the binomial distribution problem, D is just the difference between the number of heads and the number of tails, as heads stands for a forward step and tais for backward steps.
So,
$D = N_H - N_T,$
and
$N = N_H + N_T.$
So,
$D = 2N_H - N.$
All right. Nothing difficult up to now.
But then, comes the magic.
He afirms that "We have derived earlier an expression for the expected distribution for D. Since N is just a constant, we have the corresponding distribution for D."
I got the impression that he is trying to pass the idea that as D is in a linear relation with $N_H$, they must have the same distribution.
2. In my opinion, Feymann did not express himself clearly, as he gives the impression that D and k have the same distribution because they have a linear relation between them. But, this is far from obvious, at least in my opinion. I cannot imagine that if tho variables are related by a linear relation, they will have same probability distribution.
I think both D and k have same distribution because they are basically Dichotomous variables. I would like to receive your advices. Thank you in advance.

P.S.: sorry for my poor english.

 

[pbuk]

If $y = ax + b$ and $x$ is a random variable with distribution $\Phi (x)$, what does the distribution function of y look like?

A coin toss (outcomes heads or tails) and a lottery ticket (outcomes win or lose) are both dichotomous variables. Do they have the same distribution?

 

[Portuga]

I think I got the point. The distribution doesn't change because y only takes x values to another value, which is inside the x dominium, am I right? This way, $\Phi$ has a value for it. Is this what I should think?

 

[haruspex]

The key point (these being discrete distributions) is that there is a 1-1 correspondence between values of D and values of N_H. Consequently we can map the probabilities where they are nonzero: P[D=2h-N] = P[N_H=h]. But note we also have P[D=2h-N+1] = 0 for all integer h.

 

[HalfLostAndSearching]

Dear fellow scientist,

Thank you for sharing your thoughts on Feymann's statement about probability. I agree that it is a complex and interesting topic to discuss.

Firstly, I think it is important to note that probability is a mathematical concept used to quantify the likelihood of an event occurring. In the context of the binomial distribution problem, the variables n and k represent the number of tosses and the number of heads, respectively. The formula P(k,n)=\frac{\left( \stackrel{n}{k} \right)}{2^n} is derived using mathematical principles and is not dependent on any specific interpretation or relation between the variables.

When it comes to the random walk problem, Feymann introduces the variable D to represent the net distance traveled in N steps. As you correctly pointed out, D is a linear combination of N_H and N_T, which represent the number of heads and tails, respectively. Thus, D is also a dichotomous variable, just like k in the binomial distribution problem.

The reason why D and k have the same distribution is not because of their linear relation, but because they are both dichotomous variables with the same underlying probability distribution. In other words, the distribution of D is determined by the same mathematical principles as the distribution of k, which is the binomial distribution.

I hope this explanation helps clarify Feymann's statement for you. Probability can be a difficult concept to grasp, and it is always helpful to discuss and exchange ideas with others. Thank you for bringing up this interesting topic.

Sincerely,