Internal energy and heat of vaporization

In summary, the conversation discusses the change in internal energy during the vaporization process of water at atmospheric pressure. The calculation involves using the heat of vaporization and work done by the system. The result is 2091 J, rounded to 4 significant digits.
  • #1
hs764
26
0
1. One gram of water occupies a volume of 1 cm3 at atmospheric pressure. When this amount of water is boiled, it becomes 1671 cm3 of steam. Calculate the change in internal energy for this vaporization process. The heat of vaporization for water is 2.26 x 106 J/kg.

2. w = -PΔV, E = q + w

3. w = -(1 atm)x(1.671 L - 0.001 L) x (101.3 J/L atm) = -169.2 J. q = ΔHvap = 2.26 x 106 J/kg x 0.001 kg = 2.26 x 103 J. E = 2.26 x 103 J - 169.2 J = 2090.8 J.

For some reason I feel like something is missing, but there are no temperature changes given so I don't know what other steps there could be.
 
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  • #2
hs764 said:
1. One gram of water occupies a volume of 1 cm3 at atmospheric pressure. When this amount of water is boiled, it becomes 1671 cm3 of steam. Calculate the change in internal energy for this vaporization process. The heat of vaporization for water is 2.26 x 106 J/kg.

2. w = -PΔV, E = q + w

3. w = -(1 atm)x(1.671 L - 0.001 L) x (101.3 J/L atm) = -169.2 J. q = ΔHvap = 2.26 x 106 J/kg x 0.001 kg = 2.26 x 103 J. E = 2.26 x 103 J - 169.2 J = 2090.8 J.

For some reason I feel like something is missing, but there are no temperature changes given so I don't know what other steps there could be.
I do not think there is any problem with your solutions. There are some little things, however. The energy equation is ΔE = q + w. The result should be given by 4 significant digits. Round up that 2090.8 J.
 

1. What is the difference between internal energy and heat of vaporization?

Internal energy is the total energy contained within a substance, including both kinetic and potential energy. Heat of vaporization, on the other hand, is the amount of energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas at a constant temperature and pressure.

2. How do you calculate the internal energy of a substance?

The internal energy of a substance can be calculated by adding the kinetic and potential energies of its particles. This can be done using the formula U = Ek + Ep, where U is the internal energy, Ek is the kinetic energy, and Ep is the potential energy.

3. Why is heat of vaporization important in understanding phase changes?

Heat of vaporization is important in understanding phase changes because it represents the amount of energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds holding a substance in its liquid state and transition it to a gas. This energy is responsible for the changes in temperature and state that occur during a phase change.

4. How does heat of vaporization vary between substances?

The heat of vaporization varies between substances depending on their intermolecular forces. Substances with stronger intermolecular forces will require more energy to overcome these forces and vaporize, resulting in a higher heat of vaporization. Additionally, the heat of vaporization can also vary with temperature and pressure.

5. Can the internal energy of a substance change without a change in temperature?

Yes, the internal energy of a substance can change without a change in temperature. This is because internal energy includes both kinetic and potential energy, and a change in either of these forms of energy can result in a change in the substance's internal energy. For example, a substance may undergo a phase change and release or absorb energy without a change in temperature.

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