Internal Energy/Helmholtz Free Energy Proof

In summary, to show that (∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = E, where A = E - TS is the Helmholtz Free Energy and E is the Internal Energy, we can use the first law of thermodynamics, which states that dE = TdS - pdV + ΣUidni. By taking the partial derivative of βA with respect to β, we can eliminate dE and simplify the equation to (∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = (∂/∂β) * (βE - βTS). With the understanding that S and E are not constant, we can then use the chain rule to show that (∂(βA)/
  • #1
mobwars
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0

Homework Statement



Show that (∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = E, where A = E - TS is the Helmholtz Free Energy and E is the Internal Energy.

Homework Equations


A = E - TS
dE = TdS - pdV + ΣUidni
β = 1 / (kBT)

The Attempt at a Solution


(∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = (∂/∂β) * (βE - βTS)
(∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = (∂/∂β) * (βE - TS/(kBT))
(∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = (∂/∂β) * (βE - S/(kB))
(∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = (∂(βE)/∂β) [S/(kB) goes away because S is constant for Helmholtz Free Energy]
(∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = E

This solution just feels entirely too easy and simplified. I think you're supposed to do something with the fact that T and S are actual variables in the equation and some chain rule is needed, but that didn't seem to get me anywhere either. Anyone know what's really going on here?
 
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  • #2
mobwars said:
(∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = (∂(βE)/∂β) [S/(kB) goes away because S is constant for Helmholtz Free Energy]
(∂(βA)/∂β)N,V = E

The two lines above are incorrect. As you suspected, S is not generally constant for a process in which N and V are kept constant.
Also, ∂(βE)/∂β ≠ E because E is not generally constant either.

It might help to make use of the first law as written in your second relevant equation.
 
  • #3
Start with your first two relevant equations by taking dA and then eliminating dE.

Chet
 

1. What is internal energy?

Internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, including the kinetic and potential energies of its particles. It is a state function, meaning it depends only on the current state of the system and not on how it reached that state.

2. How is internal energy related to temperature?

The internal energy of a system is directly proportional to its temperature. As the temperature increases, the internal energy also increases. This relationship is known as the First Law of Thermodynamics.

3. What is Helmholtz free energy?

Helmholtz free energy, also known as the Helmholtz function or Helmholtz energy, is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a system at a constant temperature and volume. It is denoted by the symbol F and is related to the internal energy and entropy of the system.

4. How is Helmholtz free energy used in proofs?

Helmholtz free energy is used in thermodynamics proofs to show that a system will reach a state of minimum energy at equilibrium. It is also used to derive mathematical relationships between thermodynamic properties, such as the Maxwell relations.

5. What is the significance of the proof for internal energy and Helmholtz free energy?

The proof for internal energy and Helmholtz free energy provides a theoretical basis for understanding the behavior of thermodynamic systems. It allows us to make predictions about the changes in energy and other properties of a system as it undergoes various processes. It is also important in the development of technologies and processes in fields such as engineering and chemistry.

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