Optimizing Exposure Time for Different Magnitude Stars

In summary, the conversation discussed calculating the exposure time needed for a desired signal to noise ratio using the count rate and magnitude of a star. It was determined that for part a, the exposure time needed for a ##S/N = 100## would be ##1500## seconds, while for part b, the count rate would differ due to the change in magnitude. The equation used to calculate the count rate took into account the magnitude difference and included it within the square root. The scope of the problem only considered Poisson noise.
  • #1
learningastronomy
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Summary:: An image was taken with a ##60## second exposure time of a 6th magnitude star and the signal to noise ratio was detected to be ##S/N = 20##.

a. What should the exposure time be if you wanted a ##S/N = 100##?
b. Now calculate the ##S/N## if it were a 2nd magnitude star for a ##10## second exposure.

For part a I got the following:

Let ##S = \mu t##, where ##\mu## is the count and ##t## is time, therefore we have $$S/N = 20$$ $$\frac{\mu t}{\sqrt(\mu t)} = 20$$ $$(\frac{\mu t}{\sqrt(\mu t)})^2= 20^2$$ $$\frac{\mu^2 t^2}{\mu t} = 400$$ therefore the count ##\mu## is ##400##. Therefore in order to get ##S/N = 100## we have $$S/N = 100$$ $$\frac{\mu t}{\sqrt(\mu t)} = 100$$ $$(\frac{400t}{\sqrt(400t)})^2= 100^2$$ $$\frac{400^2 t^2}{400t} = 10000$$ now solving for ##t## I got ##1500## seconds.

But for part b of the question, do I apply the same logic even though the magnitude of the star is different? Or will the logic be different?
 
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  • #2
The count rate ##\mu## will be different and you can calculate how much it will differ based on the magnitude.

You only consider Poisson noise here - which might be fine (and might be expected within the scope of the problem), but in general there can be other noise sources, too.
 
  • #3
mfb said:
The count rate ##\mu## will be different and you can calculate how much it will differ based on the magnitude.

You only consider Poisson noise here - which might be fine (and might be expected within the scope of the problem), but in general there can be other noise sources, too.

Yes, the scope is only Poisson. So the count rate for part b will be different due to the change of magnitude? So since the magnitude difference is ##4## will I get the following: $$2.5^4 * \sqrt\frac{400}{\frac{60sec}{10sec}}?$$
 
  • #4
Why did you put the magnitude difference outside the brackets?
 
  • #5
mfb said:
Why did you put the magnitude difference outside the brackets?
Hmm which brackets?
 
  • #7
mfb said:
Eh, I meant the square root.

I thought the equation was magnitude times the count? Or does the magnitude need to be inside the square root?
 
  • #8
2.54 is the ratio of photons per time. Just like all the other terms that scale with the signal it should be in the square root if you calculate signal to noise ratios.
 
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1. What is the purpose of optimizing exposure time for different magnitude stars?

The purpose of optimizing exposure time is to ensure that the right amount of light is collected from a star to produce a clear and accurate image. Different stars have different magnitudes, which affect the amount of light they emit. By adjusting the exposure time, we can capture the optimal amount of light for each star.

2. How does the magnitude of a star affect the necessary exposure time?

The magnitude of a star is a measure of its brightness. The brighter the star, the shorter the necessary exposure time, as more light is being emitted. Conversely, dimmer stars require longer exposure times to capture enough light for a clear image.

3. What factors besides magnitude should be considered when determining exposure time?

Other factors that should be considered when determining exposure time include the type of telescope being used, the atmospheric conditions, and the sensitivity of the camera or detector. These factors can all affect the amount of light that is collected and therefore, the necessary exposure time.

4. Is there a formula for calculating the optimal exposure time for a given star?

Yes, there is a formula that can be used to calculate the optimal exposure time for a given star. It takes into account the magnitude of the star, the telescope's aperture and focal length, and the camera's sensitivity. However, this formula may vary depending on the specific equipment and conditions being used.

5. How can the optimal exposure time be determined in practice?

In practice, the optimal exposure time can be determined through trial and error. By taking multiple images with varying exposure times and comparing the results, the best exposure time can be determined for a specific star. Additionally, there are software programs and online calculators available that can help determine the optimal exposure time based on the given parameters.

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