Potential Energy in a molecule

In summary, the potential energy in a molecule is quantized and can be measured in electron-volts (eV). The minimum amount of energy required to break a molecule apart is the energy of the ground state. At high enough temperatures, molecules in a collection will emit light with energies ranging from smallest to greatest. The inertial mass of a molecule in the highest-energy bound state is different from the inertial mass of a molecule in the ground state, potentially due to the effects of relativity. The equation En = -(13.6 eV)/n2, commonly used for the energy levels of a hydrogen atom, is not applicable in this scenario.
  • #1
Sheldonpayne
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Homework Statement


Potential energy in a molecule[/B]

8.P.027_LennardJones1WA.jpg

(b) The figure below shows all of the quantized energies (bound states) for one of these molecules. The energy for each state is given on the graph, in electron-volts (1 eV = 1.6 ✕ 10-19 J). What is the minimum amount of energy required to break a molecule apart, if it is initially in the ground state? (Note that the final state must be an unbound state; the unbound states are not quantized.)
eV
08-035-LennardJones2.jpg
(c) If the temperature is high enough, in a collection of these molecules there will be at all times some molecules in each of these states, and light will be emitted. What are the energies in electron-volts of the emitted light? List them from smallest to greatest.

(d) The "inertial" mass of the molecule is the mass that appears in the definition of momentum, and through the momentum principle the inertial mass determines how much acceleration will result from applying a given force. Calculate the difference between the inertial mass of a molecule in the highest-energy bound state and the inertial mass of a molecule in the ground state.

Homework Equations



D), delta_p=Fnet*delta_t
F X time = momentum
1 eV = 1.6e10-19J
E_N = -(13.6 eV)/N^2, where N is a nonzero positive integer
Photon energy and wavelength: E_photon = hc/gamma_light (h= Plancks constant)

The Attempt at a Solution



D), There should be no difference. The energy levels correspond to dierent types of energy not to a change in mass. I put 0 Kg but is incorrect. SO there is an actual change in MASS, but need help how to calculate it. Thanks!
 
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  • #2
Welcome to PF!

Maybe the question is asking you to take into account relativity (very small effect).

Note: The equation En = -(13.6 eV)/n2 for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom is not relevant here.
 

1. What is potential energy in a molecule?

Potential energy in a molecule refers to the stored energy that a molecule possesses due to its position or configuration within a system. It is the energy that is available for the molecule to undergo a chemical reaction or physical change.

2. How is potential energy in a molecule determined?

Potential energy in a molecule is determined by factors such as the types of atoms present, their arrangement, and the strength of the bonds between them. It can also be calculated using equations that take into account the distances and forces between the atoms.

3. What is the relationship between potential energy and bond strength?

The potential energy in a molecule is directly related to the strength of its bonds. The stronger the bond between atoms, the higher the potential energy of the molecule. This is because stronger bonds require more energy to break and therefore have a higher potential for undergoing chemical reactions.

4. How does potential energy affect a molecule's stability?

A molecule's potential energy plays a crucial role in determining its stability. Higher potential energy means the molecule is less stable and more likely to undergo a reaction or change. Conversely, lower potential energy indicates a more stable molecule that is less likely to undergo a reaction.

5. Can potential energy in a molecule be converted into other forms of energy?

Yes, potential energy in a molecule can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, through chemical reactions or physical processes. This conversion is what allows molecules to undergo changes and drive important biological and chemical processes.

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