Spherical Symmetry & Electron Spin: An Exploration

In summary, an electron in a spherically symmetrical potential energy function can have both non-zero spin and orbital angular momentum. This is evident in atoms with net unpaired electrons, leading to phenomena such as ferromagnetism.
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Happiness
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Can an electron in a spherically symmetrical potential energy function have non-zero spin angular momentum?
 
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Always - it’s a spin-1/2 particle. This is why we find two electrons in each orbital without violating the exclusion principle.

[Edit: Having just read through the most recent updates to your other thread, this might be a good time to mention that people often say “angular momentum” instead of “orbital angular momentum” when the context makes it clear that we are not considering the spin so the orbital angular momentum is the total angular momentum]
 
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It can also have non-zero orbital angular momentum. n=2, l=1.
 
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Happiness said:
Can an electron in a spherically symmetrical potential energy function have non-zero spin angular momentum?

Any atom (all of which are solved via a spherically symmetry electric potential) that has net unpaired electrons will exhibit a non-zero spin angular momentum... not to mention, orbital angular momentum. That is why we have ferromagnetism, etc.

Zz.
 
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1. What is spherical symmetry in relation to electron spin?

Spherical symmetry refers to the property of a system where all directions are equivalent. In the context of electron spin, it means that the spin of the electron is equally likely to be found in any direction around the nucleus of an atom.

2. How does spherical symmetry affect the behavior of electrons?

Spherical symmetry plays a crucial role in determining the energy levels and orbital shapes of electrons in an atom. It allows for the formation of spherical orbitals, which are regions of space where the electron is most likely to be found.

3. What is the significance of electron spin?

Electron spin is a fundamental property of electrons that determines their magnetic moment and behavior in an external magnetic field. It also plays a crucial role in chemical bonding and the stability of atoms.

4. Can electrons have a fractional spin value?

No, electrons can only have a spin value of either +1/2 or -1/2. This is a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers, including spin.

5. How does the concept of spin relate to the shape of atomic orbitals?

The concept of spin is intimately related to the shape of atomic orbitals. The spin of an electron determines the orientation of its magnetic moment, which in turn affects the shape and orientation of the orbital. This is why orbitals with different spin states have different shapes and energies.

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