Thermal physics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of heat and its relationship with other forms of energy, such as work and temperature.
The basic principles of thermal physics include the laws of thermodynamics, which describe the behavior of heat and energy in a closed system, and statistical mechanics, which explains the behavior of a large number of particles in a system.
Thermal energy is directly proportional to temperature. As the temperature of a substance increases, its thermal energy also increases. This is because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature. Temperature, on the other hand, is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects or systems at different temperatures are in contact with each other and heat is transferred between them until they reach the same temperature. This is because heat always flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature until both objects are at the same temperature.