Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object, such as a steering wheel. It is typically measured in units of Newton-meters (N*m) or foot-pounds (ft-lb).
In an automobile, torque is applied to the steering wheel through the driver's hands and arms. As the driver turns the steering wheel, the torque created by their muscles is transmitted to the steering column and ultimately to the wheels of the car, causing it to turn.
The amount of torque required to turn a steering wheel depends on several factors, including the size and weight of the vehicle, the type of steering system, the condition of the tires and road surface, and the speed at which the vehicle is traveling.
The amount of torque applied to the steering wheel directly affects the handling of the automobile. Too much torque can make the steering feel heavy and difficult to turn, while too little torque can make the steering feel too loose and unresponsive. Proper torque is necessary for safe and controlled steering.
In most modern automobiles, the amount of torque required to turn the steering wheel is not adjustable. However, some vehicles may have a power steering system that can be adjusted to change the amount of assistance provided to the driver, making it easier or harder to turn the steering wheel.