Understanding Capacitor and Inductor Behavior: A Physically-Based Explanation

In summary, the voltage on a capacitor does not change immediately because it takes time for the charge to accumulate on its plates. Similarly, the current in an inductor does not change immediately because it takes time for the magnetic field to build up. This is due to the equations that govern the behavior of capacitors and inductors. Follow-up questions can be asked in the provided thread for further clarification.
  • #1
Passionate Eng
36
1
Physically, can someone explain why does not the voltage on the capacitor change immediatly?
and why does not the current in the inductor also do?
:smile:
 
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  • #2
The voltage on the capacitor is a function of the amount of electric charge on its two plates. It takes time, and work, for the charge to accumulate.
 
  • #3
As for the capacitor:

I = C * dV/dt

So if dt is infinite small, dV/dt and thus I will become infinite high.

As for the inductor:

V = L * dI/dt

So if dt is infinite small, dI/dt and thus V will become infinite high.
Practically, if you feed an inductor by a DC-current and switch it off, the inductor will immediately produce a (long) spark, thereby keeping up the current.
 
  • #4

What is a capacitor?

A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is made of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material, and its capacitance is determined by the size and distance between the plates.

What is an inductor?

An inductor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. It is made of a coil of wire and its inductance is determined by the number of turns in the coil, the material of the core, and the geometry of the coil.

What is the difference between a capacitor and an inductor?

A capacitor stores energy in an electric field, while an inductor stores energy in a magnetic field. Capacitors are used for filtering, energy storage, and timing circuits, while inductors are used for energy storage, filtering, and signal processing.

How do capacitors and inductors work together in a circuit?

In a circuit, capacitors and inductors can work together to create resonance, filter specific frequencies, and regulate voltage. They can also be used in combination to create complex electrical signals for various applications such as in radio communications and power supplies.

What are some common applications of capacitors and inductors?

Capacitors and inductors are commonly used in electronic circuits for filtering, energy storage, and timing. They are also used in power supplies, motors, antennas, and many other electronic devices. In addition, they have applications in various industries such as telecommunications, automotive, and aerospace.

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