Understanding Hermiticity of Actions in QFT: A Guide for Checking and Confirming

In summary, the Lagrangian should be hermitian if the corresponding Hamiltonian is, but it's not clear that there's any point in taking a time integral of it over some ##[t_1 ,t_2 ]## after the time variable in classical Lagrangian function ##L## has disappeared upon it being converted to an operator.
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John Greger
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You want your action to be hermitian, how would you check this quickly?
Hi!

In QFT we are usually interested in actions that are hermitian. Say we are looking at scattering of Dirac fermions with a real coupling constant g, whose Lagrangian is given by:

$$L= \bar{\psi}(i \gamma_{\mu} \partial^{\mu} -m) \psi - \frac{1}{2} \partial_{\mu} \phi \partial^{\mu} \phi - \frac{1}{2}M^2 \phi^2 - g \phi \bar{\psi} \psi$$

It's fairly straight forward to show that the lagrangian is hermitian but how would I show that the action is hermitian as well? Is there a theorem or something saying that if the lagrangian is hermitian, so is the action?

What is your go-to method for checking that the action is hermitian?

($\phi$ is scalar field with mass M)
 
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I am not a good learner of QFT. Is action an operator not just a real number ?
 
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The Lagrangian should be hermitian if the corresponding Hamiltonian is, but I'm not sure if there's any point in taking a time integral of it over some ##[t_1 ,t_2 ]## after the time variable in classical Lagrangian function ##L## has disappeared upon it being converted to an operator. Google search revealed some discussions about path integrals being needed in Lagrangian QM.
 
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An alternative is the Schwinger action principle. See his quantum mechanics textbook:

J. Schwinger, Quantum Mechanics, Symbolism of Atomic Measurements, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (2001).
 
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If the Lagrangian of a one-particle system is an analytical function, would it be possible to write its time integral as some kind of power series containing arbitrarily high order derivatives of ##p## and ##x## and then convert them to operators like done when forming the acceleration operator in the thread linked below? The Cauchy integral formula allows writing derivatives as integrals, and the opposite seems to be even more easy.

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/acceleration-operator.381084/

Also, here's something about quantization of higher time derivatives of the classical position variable:

http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/63666/1...and possible stabilization. Juan Valencia.pdf
 
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1. What does it mean for an action to be Hermitian in quantum field theory?

In quantum field theory, Hermiticity refers to the property of an operator or action being equal to its own conjugate transpose. This means that the action is symmetric under the interchange of its components, which is a fundamental requirement for the consistency and validity of the theory.

2. How can I check if an action is Hermitian?

To check if an action is Hermitian, you can use the Hermiticity condition which states that the action must be equal to its conjugate transpose. This can be done by explicitly writing out the action and its conjugate transpose and comparing the two. Additionally, you can also use the Noether's theorem to check if the action is invariant under the Hermitian transformation.

3. What are the consequences of an action not being Hermitian?

If an action is not Hermitian, it can lead to inconsistencies and contradictions in the theory. This can result in incorrect predictions and interpretations of physical phenomena. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that all actions in quantum field theory are Hermitian to maintain the validity of the theory.

4. Can an action be Hermitian in one frame of reference but not in another?

No, Hermiticity is an intrinsic property of an action and is independent of the frame of reference. This means that an action must be Hermitian in all frames of reference for the theory to be consistent and valid.

5. How can I confirm that an action is Hermitian?

To confirm that an action is Hermitian, you can use the Hermiticity condition and Noether's theorem as mentioned earlier. Additionally, you can also use mathematical techniques such as diagonalization and unitary transformations to verify the Hermiticity of an action.

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