Why does copper have a higher melting point than aluminium?

However, when it forms compounds, it can have a charge of +3. This is due to the fact that aluminum has three valence electrons, which it can lose to form a positive ion. This high charge means that there are stronger forces of attraction between the atoms, resulting in a higher melting point.Copper, on the other hand, has a charge of +1 and a larger atomic radius. This means that the forces of attraction between the atoms are weaker, resulting in a lower melting point. However, copper has a higher number of protons, which means a stronger positive charge in the nucleus. This can also contribute to its higher melting point.In summary, the higher melting point of copper compared to aluminium is due to a combination
  • #1
KingCrimson
43
1
Why does copper have a higher melting point than aluminium? Why does the melting point increase as you go down groups anyway?
Aluminium has higher charge (+3) and a smaller radius, meaning that there is a higher charge density and thus stronger forces of attraction to the lattice. While copper has a charge of +1 and a bigger radius. However, Copper has a higher number of protons, or a stronger positive charge in the nucleus, is this the reason ?
 
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  • #3
KingCrimson said:
Aluminium has higher charge (+3)

Metallic aluminum has no charge and consists of neutral atoms.
 

1. Why does copper have a higher melting point than aluminium?

One of the main reasons for this is the difference in the atomic structure of copper and aluminium. Copper has a more tightly packed crystal structure than aluminium, which makes it harder for the atoms to move and therefore requires more energy to break bonds and melt.

2. How does the presence of impurities affect the melting point of copper and aluminium?

Impurities can lower the melting point of both copper and aluminium. However, they have a greater impact on aluminium due to its weaker bonding and looser crystal structure. Copper, on the other hand, has stronger bonds and a more compact structure, making it less affected by impurities.

3. Does the atomic weight of copper and aluminium play a role in their melting points?

Yes, it does. Copper has a higher atomic weight than aluminium, which means it has more protons and neutrons in its nucleus. These particles contribute to stronger atomic bonds, resulting in a higher melting point.

4. Can the melting point of copper and aluminium be affected by external factors?

Yes, the melting point of both metals can be influenced by external factors such as pressure and the presence of other elements. For example, adding zinc to copper can lower its melting point, while applying high pressure can increase the melting point of aluminium.

5. How do the electrical and thermal properties of copper and aluminium relate to their melting points?

Copper is known for its high electrical and thermal conductivity, which is due to its strong metallic bonding. This same bonding also contributes to its higher melting point. Aluminium, on the other hand, has weaker bonding and therefore has lower electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as a lower melting point.

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