I think you're asking about the double integral
[tex]\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{i kx} dk \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{ikx'} f(x')dx'[/tex]
If so, then the outer integral
[tex]\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{i k (x+x')} dk = \delta (x+x')[/tex]
i.e. the Dirac delta function and you arrive at your result upon evaluating the inner integral. (That's ignoring factors of [itex]2\pi[/itex] which I am sure you can handle!)