Photons are fundamentally identical, sharing the same properties, but they can differ in energy, wavelength, and direction. The discussion highlights the distinction between photons associated with light and those mediating forces in quantum electrodynamics (QED), noting that their differences may relate to lifetime and wave patterns. While all photons originate from the same quantized electromagnetic field, their interactions can vary based on the charges of particles they affect, such as protons and electrons. Understanding these concepts requires a deeper grasp of QED, with recommendations for further reading, including Feynman's book "QED." Ultimately, the conversation emphasizes the complexity of photon behavior in different contexts.