Convolution Definition and 338 Threads

I quote; I struggle with the last sentence and putting the pieces together. I know the abstract change of variables formula for ##\nu## on ##(F,\mathcal D)## being the pushforward measure of ##\mu## on ##(E,\mathcal C)## under ##\varphi:E\to F##, i.e. ##\nu(A)=\mu(\varphi^{-1}(A))## for every...

So I have: ##H(\omega)=(\exp(-i\omega)-\exp(i\omega))\exp(i\omega)##, I denote by ##Z(\omega)=\exp(i\omega)##, to get: ##H(\omega)=Z(-\omega)Z(\omega)-Z(\omega)^2##, now, I want to find ##h[n]##, I think it should be: ##h[n]=z[-n]*z[n]+z[n]*z[n]##. But I am not sure how to calculate the...

These problems are from a practice problem set from MIT OCW's 18.03 "Differential Equations. Computing the convolutions ##t*1## and ##1*t## is straightforward. They both equal ##\frac{t^2}{2}##. Then, ##(q*1)(t)=\int_0^t q(\tau)d\tau## and ##(1*q)(t)=\int_0^t q(t-\tau)d\tau## which after a...

I started by converting the LSM from sum to integral form: $$f(x_c) = \sum_i[S(x_i)-F(x_i,;a,b,...)]^2 to f(x_c) = \int( S(x) - F(x-x_c)^2 dx$$ Since we are not interested in the other parameters (like offset), I assumed that they are fitted correctly and thus ignored them, turning...

Hello, Convolution is essentially superposition. Conceptually, a copy of the same mask/filter is essentially placed at every point in the signal (1D, 2D, ect.). Once all these convolution masks are in place, we just compute the sum and get the convolved signal. The integral formula for...

Hello, First of all, I checked several other threads mentioning duality, but could not find a satisfying answer, and I don't want to revive years old posts on the subject; if this is bad practice, please notify me (my apologies if that is the case). For the past few days, I have had a lot of...

$s=c_1*\exp(-c_2*|(t)|)*r(t)$ But how can I solve $c_1+c_2$ ?

Hello, I am trying to calculate the partial derivative of a convolution. This is the expression: ##\frac{\partial}{\partial r}(x(t) * y(t, r))## Only y in the convolution depends on r. I know this identity below for taking the derivative of a convolution with both of the functions only...

##x[n] = (\frac{1}{2})^{-2} u[n-4]## ##h[n] = 4^{n} u[2-n]## So I plotted x[k] and h[n-k] in picture but x[n] is 0 for n < 4, therefore ##y[n]## only has value for n >= 4. Therefore my sum is like that: ##y[n]=\sum_{k=4}^{\infty} 4^{n-k} (-\frac{1}{2})^k## ##y[n]=-4^{n}...

I'd like to plot the normalized convolution of a Gaussian with a Lorentzian (see the definitions in terms of full width half maximum (fwhm) in the attached image). Here is my attempt, but the print statements with np.trapz() do not return 1 in both cases, but rather ##\approx##0.2. I'd also like...

Hello, I've read that repeated convolution tends, under certain conditions, to Gaussian distribution. I found this description helpful, and Wikipedia's version of this says: The central limit theorem states that if x is in L1 and L2 with mean zero and variance ##σ^2##, then...

Convolving two signals, g and h, of lengths X and Y respectively, results in a signal with length X+Y-1. But through convolution theorem, g*h = F^{-1}{ F{g} F{h} }, where F and F^{-1} is the Fourier transform and its inverse, respectively. The Fourier transform is unitary, so the output signal...

I'm trying to derive the convolution from two geometric distributions, each of the form: $$\displaystyle \left( 1-p \right) ^{k-1}p$$ as follows $$\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{z} \left( 1-p \right) ^{k-1}{p}^{2} \left( 1-p \right) ^{z-k-1}.$$ with as a result: $$\displaystyle \left( 1-p \right)...

Hi, So my question is perhaps better asked as: - What is the point of convolution (in 2D image processing)? - Why would we use that operation in image processing? - What is so special about that flipped version of the kernel? Context: In an image processing class, I was learning about the...

I can use the convolution integrals and get the idea of this concept for t<a. But, I can't get the answer for t>a. MY idea is substitute ##f(t) = 0## to the ODE, then I have second order linear differential equations with right hand is zero. So, the solution is $$y=Ae^{i\omega t} + Be^{-i\omega...

Since there are initial conditions stated, I would have to craft the s equation in mind, in order to find the impulse by laplace inverse; which is this: ##(s^2Y(s)-sy(0)-y'(0))+8(sY(s)-y(0))+16Y(s)=x(s)## ##(s^2Y(s)+\frac{1}{2}s-1)+8(sY(s)-1)+16Y(s)=x(s)##...

f(t)=-5t^2+9\int_{0}^{t} \,f(t-u)sin(9u)du

Hi all.I would like to know about "binning window". This paper I'm reading says like this. Why do "convolving the data with the ##b(t)## before the sampling" and "binning into time bins with a width ##δt##" have the same meaning? I know I'm addicted to post to PF 😅 But this forum is so...

Summary: Show that for this family of functions the following semigroup property with respect to convolution holds. Hi. My task is to prove that for the family of functions defined as: $$ f_{a}(x) = \frac{1}{a \pi} \cdot \frac{1}{1 + \frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}} } $$ The following semigroup property...

Please see below my attempt to perform the convolution operation on two discrete-time signals as part of my Digital Signal Processing class. I suspect my folding operation, i.e. flipping one signal about k=0, might be the cause. Ostensibly the answer of the convolution sum evaluated at n=-2...

I have some confusion about this question. I am asked to do the 1D convolution of a function that is clearly 2-dimensional tri(x,y) ** (step(x) * 1(y)) where ** is the convolution. Furthermore my professor is not available for questions (have tried). I'm wondering if I simply ignore the bits...

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As the title says, I am studying this topic for my control systems fundamentals course. I think I intuitively understand the meaning of the convolution integral that relates input, output and the impulse response, but I am failing to prove it graphically. For example, the intuitive explanation...

I study of interaction between a system with a reservoir considering a weak coupling between them. I consider a bosonic bath, the initial state are separable and the operator of interaction between the system and bath is linear in the displacements of the oscillators. . In the book "Quantum...

Consider an integral of the form $$\int_{-1}^1 dx f(x)g(x).$$ I'd like to use https://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/doc/html/min.html to find the maximum of the convolution ##f(x)g(x)## in the domain ##x \in [-1,1]##. The method initiates via a double function with parameters x and a void params...

I've been exposed to this notion in multiple classes (namely math and physics) but can't find any details about how one would actually calculate something using this principle: Diffraction in optics is closely related to Fourier transforms and finding the Fraunhofer diffraction of an aperture...

Problem: Let $\phi(x), x \in \Bbb{R}$ be a bounded measurable function such that $\phi(x) = 0$ for $|x| \geq 1$ and $\int \phi = 1$. For $\epsilon > 0$, let $\phi_{\epsilon}(x) = \frac{1}{\epsilon}\phi \frac{x}{\epsilon}$. ($\phi_{\epsilon}$ is called an approximation to the identity.) If $f \in...

Homework Statement Homework Equations y(t)=x(t)*h(t)=∫x(λ)⋅h(t-λ)⋅dλ The Attempt at a Solution [/B] Is what I have the correct interpretation or or am I wrong? Thanks

Convolution has the form (f\star g)(t) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(\tau)g(t-\tau)d\tau However, I for my own purposes I have invented a similar but different type of "convolution" which has the form (f\star g)(t) = \int_0^{\infty}f(\tau)g(t/\tau)d\tau So instead of shifting the function g(t)...

Homework Statement Hi there, I've been trying to gain some intuition on how the convolution sum works, but as I dig deeper I am realizing that there is an issue with my intuition of signals and systems, in particular the unit impulse response. My issue is trying to understand how a unit...

Homework Statement Homework Equations Laplace and then inverse laplace. The Attempt at a Solution Laplace of U(t-to) = 1/s e^(-tos) x(t)-->X(s) Laplace inverse 1/s means integration. e^(-tos) means delay on x(t) by to. I think answer should be C Book answer is D. How am I wrong?

Homework Statement Hello everyone, In the following problem I have to find the unknown impulse response g1(t) given the input and output signals, as shown below: (the answer is already there, at the moment I am trying to understand how to get there). Homework Equations [/B] I have...

Hey! :o Let $X_1, X_2, X_3$ be i.i.d. with $X_1 \sim U[0, 1]$. I want to determine the density of $S=X_1+X_2+X_3$ using the convolution formula. I have done the following: Since $X_1, X_2, X_3$ are i.i.d. we have that they are independent identically distributed random variables. Since $X_1...

Homework Statement An LTI system has an impulse response h(t) = e-|t| and input of x(t) = ejΩt Homework Equations Find y(t) the system output using convolution Find the dominant frequency and maximum value of y(t) Ω = 2rad/s The Attempt at a Solution I have tried using the Fourier transform...

Homework Statement Modify the initial conditions (for the diffusion equation of a circle) to have the initial conditions ## g(\theta)= \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}d_{n}e^{2\pi in\theta} ## Using the method of Green's functions, and ## S(\theta,t)= \frac{1}{\sqrt{4\pi...

Given a convolution: \begin{equation} \begin{split} g(x) * h(x) &\doteq \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} g(z) h(x-z) dz \end{split} \end{equation} Do ##z## and ##x## have to be independent? For example, can one set ##x=z+y## such that: \begin{equation} \begin{split} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} g(z)...

I'm reading a book on vortex methods and I came across the above mentioned terms, however, I don't understand what they mean in mathematical terms. The book seems to be quite valuable with its content and therefore I would like to understand what the author is trying to say using the above...

Hi all! I'm new to Mathematica. I have written a code for performing a convolution integral (as follows) but it seems to be giving out error messages: My code is: a[x_?NumericQ] := PDF[NormalDistribution[40, 2], x] b[k_?NumericQ, x_?NumericQ] := 0.0026*Sin[1.27*k/x]^2 c[k_?NumericQ...

Homework Statement $$u_{xx}=u_t+u_x$$ subject to ##u(x,0)=f(x)## and ##u## and ##u_x## tend to 0 as ##x\to\pm\infty##. Homework Equations Fourier Transform The Attempt at a Solution Taking the Fourier transform of the PDE yields $$ (\omega^2-i\omega) F\{u\}=...

Prelude Consider the convolution h(t) of two function f(t) and g(t): $$h(t) = f(t) \ast g(t)=\int_0^t f(t-\tau) g(\tau) d \tau$$ then we know that by the properties of convolution $$\frac{d h(t)}{d t} = \frac{d f(t)}{d t} \ast g(t) = f(t) \ast \frac{d g(t)}{d t}$$ Intermezzo We also know that...

Homework Statement Hi all, I hope you all can help me so I'm studying for my signals course and I encounter this example in the book, and the answer is there but the solution isn't... The convolution integral exists for 3 intervals and I could evaluate the first two just fine... however I can't...

How were they able to simplify the following? I understand the distributive property and how the convolution component of the delta dirac function worked but I do not understand how the second term convoluted becomes what it is. Thank you for your time

Dear "General Math" Community, my goal is to calculate the following integral $$\mathcal{I} = \int_{-\infty }^{+\infty }\frac{f\left ( \mathbf{\vec{x}} \right )}{\left | \mathbf{\vec{c}}- \mathbf{\vec{x}} \right |}d^{3}x $$ in the particular case in which f\left ( \mathbf{\vec{x}} \right...

Hi. I've been reading "Statistical Mechanics Algorithms and Computations". And I came to a problem while processing Algorithm 1.26 (I attach a link at the end). I don't get why the weights are the way they are, specially I can't understand the sequence {1/2l,1/l,...,1/l,1/2l}. Does anyone...

Hi I am using a convolution neural network (with inversion) to simulate images with the same "texture" as the input image, using a random image to start with. The activations of the CNN are first learned with an example or source image. A cost function then minimizes the difference between the...

Homework Statement find the inverse Laplace transform of the given function by using the convolution theorem Homework Equations F(s) = s/((s+1)(s2)+4) The theorem : Lap{(f*g)(t)} = F(s)*G(s) The Attempt at a Solution I know how to find it the answer is : we have 1/(s+1) * s/(s+4) and the...

Homework Statement I have the two functions below and have to find the convolution \beta * L Homework Equations Assume a<1 \beta(x)=\begin{cases} \frac{\pi}{4a}\cos\left(\frac{\pi x}{2a}\right) & \left|x\right|<a\\ 0 & \left|x\right|\geq a \end{cases} L(x)=\begin{cases} 1 &...

Hi Can I derive the expression for Z_PDF(z) where: Z = t(X,Y) = X + Y By starting with: Z_PDF(z)*|dz| = X_PDF(x)*|dx| * Y_PDF(y)*|dy| Z_PDF(z) = X_PDF(x) * Y_PDF(y) * |dx|*|dy|/|dz| and then substitute the deltas with derivatives and x and y with expressions of z?

Homework Statement [/B] Suppose we have a 2\pi-periodic, integrable function f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{C} whose Fourier coefficients are known. Parseval's theorem tells us that: \sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}|\widehat{f(n)}|^2 = \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}|f(x)|^{2}dx, where...

I have a set of data which are probably convolutions of a Cauchy distribution with some other distribution. I am looking for some model for this other distribution so that a tractable analytic formula results. I know that the convolution Cauchy with Cauchy is again Cauchy, but I want the other...