Energy Definition and 999 Threads

Hi everybody, I don't understand what changes between these two graphs. In particular, why does free energy reach a minimum in one graph and a maximum in the other? Shouldn't a chemical reaction always have an energy maximum, represented by the activation energy?

Good morning, I was wondering if I am thinking correctly. I am trying to establishing some step by step to calculate the amount of energy is being absorbed by a water body when a LED pendant is shining right above. Being the parameter that I want to calculate, the energy absorbed by the...

Since there is no friction : $$ m \ddot{x} = 0 $$ (no x motion).For the kinetic energy , I've tried: $$ K = 1/2 I_{cm} \dot{\alpha}^2 + 1/2 m v^2_cm = 1/2 I_{cm} \dot{\alpha}^2 + 1/2 m \dot{z}^2$$ . Giving me a weird expression , shouldn't the kinetic energy just be half the the moment...

I'm trying to calculate Forster's Resonance Energy Transfer rate, but I just can't seem to get the units right. I'm trying to teach my students how to calculate them. Here is the (relatively) original technical note of FRET equation, made by the original author...

I wrote some potentials but they were wrong. I used the cm of all fluid parts and I used the radius which is $$ \sqrt S/ \pi $$ .

I tried just using the formula for kinetic energy but that was apparently the wrong answer. The answer key says it's (1/6)mv². I don't understand how they got that answer. Could someone explain?

Note: wording is ambiguous so I assumed spring started from equilibrium, in which case it stretches as we go downslope. Final height (at lower point on slope) is 0. Distance along slope = Distance the spring stretches = d= ##s_f## = ##2/cos{\theta}## =2.13 Height change = h = ##2 tan{\theta}##...

Hello ! My question is how the energy levels and sublevels that atoms are considered to have were obtained, and if these energy levels and sublevels were obtained as a result of the different spectroscopic analyzes of energy emission and absorption of atoms, or as it was concluded that atoms...

I am reading the following article on Kirkendall effect leading to the Formation of a hollow binary alloy nanosphere: a kinetic montecarlo study. I am unable to understand or find in references the reasoning to obtain equation (1):

Quote from NASA: My understanding of dark energy is based on NASA's report: https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy; were NASA state as follows: "It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest - everything on...

Hello! I am reading this paper and in deriving equations 6/7 and 11/12 they claim to use second oder time dependent perturbation theory (TDPT) in order to get the correction to the energy levels. Can someone point me towards some reading about that? In the QM textbooks I used, for TDPT they just...

Hello! This is quite a specific question, so if anyone knows the details I would really appreciate your help (@Twigg ?). I am trying to reproduce figure 1 from this paper (it's for the PV experiment performed on BaF). While I am getting quite close to it, the levels don't fully match (I am...

I developed three arguments to answer this question. Argument no 2 seems to be wrong, but I cant figure out why. I know one/more of my arguments are flawed. Please be kind to help me figure this out. Argument 1) Since they have same charge on them, the ##E## between them must be same. The one...

I found this article* about the behavior of quasar outflows in cosmology and how they can create a magnetic field. In section 2.1.4., the authors say that when a quasar produces a "wave" or an outflow, the material will be emitted with energy coming from both the quasar itself and the Hubble...

Hey Condition 1: A 2D infinite plane and there is a circular hole in the middle. When t=0, an impulsive loading, P=f(t), is applied to the boundary of the circle(outward), so the wave will start at the boundary of the circle and propagate in the plane Condition 2: A 3D infinite plane and there...

What force causes the surface to move to the left? Can I say that it's due to the force component of the weight along the vertical force of the surface?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe Is the heat death of the universe completely unavoidable in an universe with an accelerated expansion dominated by dark energy like ours? Or can there be any way to avoid it according to current knowledge, observations and experiments...

The solution said that Average power= net change in energy/time, but why is that true? If you have a different way of solving it, it would be helpful too

So the question goes like this: find change in internal energy in process 1->2 using diagram. And offered solutions a)-400J b)400J c)600J d)800J. First I found T1 and T2 using (P*V)/T=R and got T1=24K and T2=72K. Then I found n(number of moles) using PV=nRT and got n1=1mol, n2=1mol. Then I...

There has been much discussion about how could we (theoretically) extract energy from the accelerated expansion of the universe. However, the only gedankenexperiment I can found is the "tethered galaxies" one (e.g. https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0104349). However, has somebody proposed an...

Hi, I'm working on a problem where I need to find the different energies allowed for a potential, and I found this link https://quantummechanics.ucsd.edu/ph130a/130_notes/node151.html, which is similar of what I'm doing. I'm using mathematica to find the values of E. However, I'm not sure how...

I (mechanical engineer) have researched this question but can't get to an answer. The equilibrium condition for confined particle diffusion of a solute in a solvent is reached when the solute spatial density is uniform (= zero density gradient), and entropy is max. But per Boltzmann, when...

I tried approaching this question like this: F_N - mgcos(theta) = -mR(theta_dot)^2 and theta_dot = v/R since R is constant F_N = m(gcos(theta) - (v - v_0)^2/R) (with v being final velocity and v_0 being the initial velocity from the impulse) and then using energy conservation: at t = 0: E =...

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So i am tried to conserve momentum and use conservation of mechanical energy but won't there be psuedo force acting on the block if i am solving from non inertial frame ?. If i ignore the pseudo force and simply use C.O.M.E and include the K.E of the wedge and solve normally i do get the...

I was reading an article by Edward Harrison, which tackles the problems of conservation of energy at cosmological scales. At some part (point 2.4) he cites several article, including one by Rees and Gott, which he says indicates that the internal energy of a comoving volume (e.g. a cosmic...

SO2(g)+1/2O2(g)⇌SO3(g);ΔHo=-98.32KJ/mole,ΔSo=-95J/(mole-K). find Kp at 298 Kelvin? In given question at first Δ G will be calculated using formula ΔG = Δ H – T x ΔS, by putting the given values in formula we get ΔG = -70.01 kJ/mol. Then Keq will be calculated using equation = Δ G = -RT ln Keq...

For the first part, the mass sits at rest on the spring, so it is at the equilibrium position and thus mg = kd So, d = mg/k For the second part, I assume the uncompressed spring position is 0. When the mass at rest at the top. Its KE and PE is 0. When the mass at distance D, the question said...

If you want to find out the kinetic energy (the unit is GJ as in other cannons) of the gunpowder cannon that appears in Monster Hunter, what do you need and how can you calculate it?

Reading the Wikipedia page on it, one reads: But on the other hand, as far as I know and if I'm not mistaken, zero point energy is not a physical thing, and it is merely a mathematical artifact in QFT. Someone correct me if I'm wrong on that. So if that is the case, then why is it a "problem"...

Since ##F = -b * v## I said ## F(x) = -b*v(x) ## Also x(0) = 0 and x(T) = ## \frac{1}{3}aT^3 ## I made the integral ## ΔE = -b* \int\limits_0^\frac{aT^3}{3} v(x) dx ## I wanted to replace v(x) with v(t) somehow I first tried ##v(x) = ax^2## but then realized that was wrong Then I tried using...

The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect occurs when a photon goes through a gravitational potential that changes due to spacetime expansion (presumably caused by dark energy). For that reason, a photon going through a gravitational well would gain energy (blueshift) when entering and it would lose...

Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf 1/2)kx2 = (1/2)mvf2, but W = (1/2)mvf2 = F∆d, so 1/2)kx^2 = F∆d. The solution says that I should just substitute v as d/t. But could anyone explain why my reasoning is wrong? Thanks.

Stars are basically large objects that convert mass to energy as allowed by the mass-energy equivalence in special relativity. So I was thinking, following the same equivalence, shouldn't the reverse be possible too? I.e. a kind of reverse star that sucks in energy and converts it into mass? I...

I am wondering if it is possible to calculate either the Kinetic Energy or Rotational Kinetic Energy of an object if we have the Power (kW), Torque (Nm), and Speed (RPM) of the object.

Hi, I am trying to get to an answer for the following scenario. Imagine you have an electrochemical cell in its most basic terms. On the negative electrode you have 3 moles of iron metal in a chloride solution. On the positive side you have 3 moles FeCl3 solution. These are separated by a...

Let ##U## be a bounded open subset of ##\mathbb{R}^n##. Given a continuous function ##\phi : \overline{U} \to \mathbb{R}##, show that any real-valued function ##u## of class ##C^2(\overline{U})## such that ##\Delta u = \phi## in ##U## and ##u|_{\partial U} = 0## is a minimizer of the energy...

krotovs solution is based on energy conservation. My question is that why the solution didn't consider inductors energy? the question: The solution:

Hi, I completely failed this homework. I mean I think I know what happen, but I don't know how to show it mathematically. The energy lost by the wave is used to oscillate the electrons inside the conductor. Thus, the electrons acts like some damped driven oscillators. I guess I have to find...

Here, I have assumed very quick movement of the moving part. So, as per the mmf-flux curve, flux linking with the system will be unchanged during the movement. To support this assumption, I have made use of the following analysis. In this graph, the movement of the part happens quickly (small...

Summary: I am looking for suggestions on an informative read surrounding nuclear energy I am a junior year physics student at UCSB looking to go to grad school for nuclear physics and eventually work with nuclear energy. My curriculum at UCSB does not offer any explicit classes surrounding...

Hi, I have hard time to really understand what's a stationary state for a wave function. I know in a stationary state all observables are independent of time, but is the energy fix? Is the particle has some momentum? If a wave function oscillates between multiple energies does it means that the...

This is just a curiosity to me. My interest is from the position of a layman (as you will see from my description below). In the double slit experiment it shows a wave passing through both slits and interfering with itself to create an interference pattern. This is how I understand it... From...

A screenshot from a book which describes it: So I am trying to picture this one: 1. A laser is "pumped" through a cylinder made from lithium niobate which is placed at 90 degrees, perpendicularly...so that the laser passes through the body of the cylinder (and not through the 2 round ends)...

So, I use Ansys (well known FEM software) and get the next output for a modal analysis toy problem (If you happen to know Ansys that's a pre, but I promise it shouldn't matter). The problem is a simple beam, clamped at one end. I used 160 20-node brick elements to solve it (so no Timoshenko...

Could kinetic energy possibly depend explicitly on time in the lagrangian for some arbitrary set of generalized coordinates?

Is there a way to know what is the amount of energy a wire can transport and know what is the amount of energy transported by moving air at a certain psi.

I found a paper (https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0411299.pdf) which talks about quantum systems emitting energy due to spacetime expansion. Is this true or only a hypothesis?

The book(Schaum) says the above is the solution but after two hours of tedious checking and rechecking I get 2n^2 in place or the 3n^2. Am I missing something or is this just a typo?

Hello I am a physiology student who is curious about the physics underyling blood flow and pressure. I have taken physics classes however at the elementary level the focus is on ideal fluids in systems with no friction. I would appreciate any answers or if you could point me in the right...