Kepler's third law Definition and 51 Threads

Newton arrived at "there is a force that drives a planet around the star by examining kepler's laws but how did he arrive to inverse square law by kepler's third law (##T^2=\frac {4\pi r^3}{GM}##)? Thank you.

Hi; I understand Kepler 3 in terms of the relationship that it demonstrates. I have researched the internet but can't find a reason why this relationship exists. Is it somehow a consequence of some type of gravitational balance, if not is there some other mechanical reason? Thanks Martyn

The classic way to go about this problem would be to use Kepler's laws and thus find the new time period of earth. However I encountered this question in a test on rotational motion which deals with conservation of angular momentum. The equation used here would be I1ω1= I2ω2 Replacing I with MR2...

Hey everyone! I have been looking everywhere to try to find the answer to this question so I thought I'd pose it here. When we discuss finding the mass of orbiting bodies, it's easy to find the combined mass of the system using Kepler's Third Law in the form M1+M2=(4pi^2)(a^3)/((G)(T^2). My...

This is not a homework. In Chapter 8: Central-Force Motion, in the Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems book by Thornton and Marion, Fifth Edition, page 325, Problem 8-19, we are asked to calculate the mass of the planet Saturn. In the instructor's solution manual, the solution for this...

Homework Statement When considering a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, its speed is zero across (relative to) Earth's surface. From Kepler's third Law: T2=(4π2r3)/(GM), we can derive that v2=GM/r This would tell us that as the radius of a satellite to Earth's centre increases, its velocity...

Homework Statement Using only a telescope and a stopwatch, find the mass of Saturn.[/B] (This question may or may not make any sense at all, it was a theoretical lab that my professor said without giving us a chance to copy it down and I am trying to recall the question from memory) If it is...

I am confused about the units used in Kepler's 3rd law. Is T supposed to be in years or days? Is R supposed to be in kilometers or meters? Is there ever an instance where one combination of units is preferable over another (for example, if you want to use the answers from Kepler's third law to...

So, in preparation to the Portuguese Astronomy Olympiads, I've stumbled upon this problem (exercise): The sun, which is 8 kpc away from the centre of the Milky Way, has a rotation speed of approximately 220 kms-1 . Whereas a a star that is 15 kpc from the centre of the Galaxy orbits at a speed...

Homework Statement [/B] I need to help solving part a) Homework Equations [/B] $$v= \frac{2\pi}{T}$$ $$(\frac{T_1}{T_2})^2 = (\frac{r_1}{r_2})^3$$ The Attempt at a Solution I'm not sure where to begin really. One approach I tried was getting T_1 in terms of v_0 and plugging it into...

I posted this before but I think it was in the wrong, place, so sorry for the duplicate :O I'm trying to work through some equations in the paper 'Gravitational Radiation and the Motion of Two Point Masses' (Peters, 1964) but I can't get out the right values 1. Homework Statement For a binary...

I'm trying to work through some equations in the paper 'Gravitational Radiation and the Motion of Two Point Masses' (Peters, 1964) but I can't get out the right values 1. Homework Statement For a binary star system with each mass = 1 solar mass, the equations give the results: Separation ~ 10...

Homework Statement Show that Kepler's third law, \tau = a^{3/2}, implies that the force on a planet is proportional to its mass. Homework Equations 3. The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I haven't really attempted anything. I'm not sure what the question is going for. What can we assume and use?

Homework Statement Deduce, from the equations employed in Q4 and Q5, the exponent n in the equation: T = k rn where k is a constant and T is the period of a satellite which orbits at a radius r from a massive object in space. Hence, how long is the “year” on Venus if its distance from the Sun...

Hello guys, I'm doing my physics coursework on kepler's third law and I'm finding the minimum mass and semi-major axis of a unknown planet. I have the following data: Stellar mass Mstar = 1.31 ± 0.05 Msun Orbital period P = 2.243752 ± 0.00005 days Radial velocity semi-amplitude: V = 993.0 ±...

Homework Statement How far would be a planet from the earth, when its period would be 2 years? T = 2 years/730 days a = 150*106km Homework Equations a3/T2 = C (C is the Kepler-Constant) The Attempt at a Solution I tried inserting T in days and years, but I always get a wrong solution, since C...

Kepler's third law states T^2=(4pi^2/GM) x r^3 for CIRCULAR orbits. My question is, in the derivation for this equation ma=GMm/r^2 why can centripetal acceleration be used to replace a at m(v^2/r)=GMm/r^2 yielding v^2/r=GM/r^2 when the orbit is not circular. Planets have elliptical orbits so why...

How R^3/T^2 is a constant, or is it just the simple relationship between the distance between a planet to a star in a solar system and the period for that planet to orbit the star?

Homework Statement Using the equation T = kr^p I drew a loglog graph of orbital time period against orbit radius for the planets Mars to saturn. lnT = plnr + lnk My value for gradient was 5.25/0.48 = 10.94 Meaning p = 10.94 How do I compare this to the actual value? What is it?Homework...

Homework Statement Determine Kepler's third-law constant Ku for Uranus using the data for the first four moons. Homework Equations [/B] (r)^3/(T)^2 = K Data: Moon #1 (Ophelia) r=5.38 x 10^4 km T=0.375 Earth Days The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I know the question asks for the K constant...

Homework Statement If there were a planet three times farther from the sun than the Earth is, how long would it have taken this hypothetical planet to orbit the Sun? Assume the orbit is a circle. Homework Equations Kepler's 3rd Law ##= (\frac{r_1}{r_2})^3 = (\frac{T_1}{T_2})^2 ## The Attempt...

Homework Statement The fictional planet Snazbort has a fictional moon Pingdol. Pingdol has an orbital period of 7.68 days and a semimajor axis of 92.53×109. Use Kepler's Third Law to estimate the mass of Snazbort. Homework Equations T^2=4pi^2*a^3/(GM) where 2a is the length of major axis T is...

Homework Statement The planet Jupiter has at least 14 satellites. One of them, Callisto, has a period of 16.75 days and a mean orbital radius of 1.883 x 109 m. From this information, calculate the mass of Jupiter. Homework Equations T2 = (4∏2/ GM)r3 ∏ = pi The Attempt at a...

For two two bodies of mass M1 and M2 in circular orbits of radius a1, a2 about their common centre of mass, the Newtonian modification of Kepler's third law is a3/P2=G(M1+M2)/4π2. Where a=a1+a2. The problem is that I have been told that when using the units of years, solar masses and...

Homework Statement Find the period of a satellite that is in orbit 6.7×10^6 meters from the center of the earth? Homework Equations P^2=R^3 P=period and R=average distance The Attempt at a Solution so far I have tried P^2=(6.7×10^6)^3 then sqrt of (P^2)=sqrt of (3.00763×10^20)...

Homework Statement Pluto is 40 times further from the Sun than we are. How long is a year on Pluto? (Use Kepler's third law.) Homework Equations 4∏^2/Gm=T^2/r^3 The Attempt at a Solution Te^2(Earth period)=x*r^3 Tp^2(Pluto period)=x*(40r)^3 I don't know what to do...

Homework Statement Suppose that a comet that was seen in 545 A.D. by Chinese astronomers was spotted again in year 1937. Assume the time between observations is the period of the comet and take its eccentricity as 0.11. What are (a) the semimajor axis of the comet's orbit and (b) its greatest...

Tidal effects in the Earth-Moon system are causing the Moon's orbital period to increase at a current rate of about 35 ms per century. Assuming the Moon's orbit around the Earth is circular, to what rate of change in the Earth-Moon distance does this correspond? Hint: differentiate Kepler's...

Homework Statement A spy satellite is located one Earth radius above the surface of the Earth. What is its period of revolution? ans. 1.5 x 10^4 s Homework Equations I'm trying to use the kepler's constant: k = T^2/R^3 The Attempt at a Solution

I read somewhere that the mass of the sun can be determined using Keplers third law. How is this possible without indulging Newton's law(gravitation) in ?:confused:

I'm not getting very far with these problems. Don't know what my problem is. Given a circular orbit, the centripetal acceleration is given by the gravitational force between the two stars. I chose the center to be halfway between the stars d/2...

Dear all, A very simple (almost embarrassingly so) question here, but I just want to double-double check what is going on. Kepler's Third Law states for a planet of mass Mp orbitting star of mass M* at a semi-major axis $a$ with a period P, that: [P/(2pi)]^2 = a^3/G (Mp+M*) Now what I want...

Homework Statement An orbiting satellite stays over a certain spot on the equator of (rotating) Pluto. What is the altitude (in km) of the orbit (called a "synchronous orbit")? Homework Equations r = [(G*M*T^2)/4pi^2]^(1/3) h= r-radius of pluto The Attempt at a Solution I have...

Homework Statement I am studying gravitation and I have been trying to derive Kepler's Third Law using Kepler's Second Law.Homework Equations The second law : \frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{L}{2m}The Attempt at a SolutionTo start with, I thought if we take \int \frac{L}{2m}dt from 0 to T; we would...

Homework Statement I have this problem for homework and I don't know how to even start. Can someone help? Thanks in advance.A neat and exploitive use of the sun would be to put a space probe into a solar elliptical orbit from the Earth on one side of the sun headed towards a rendezvous with...

Homework Statement When I plug in all of the parameters for Halley's comet (from Wikipedia) into Kepler's third law a get a semimajor axis of 38.56 AU when it should be about 17? Can someone else try it and see if I am crazy?Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution

A comet has a perihelion distance of 0.29 A.U. and an orbital period of 77 years. To the nearest thousandth of an A.U., what is its aphelion distance from the Sun? I know that keplers third law plays a part in this p2=a3 but I just can't plug it in right. I know the answer is 35.908 but I...

Homework Statement A spacecraft on a mission to the outer planets passed through the asteroid belt and imaged an asteroid with a small moon. You are on a proposal team to define a mission to the asteroid’s moon to determine its composition and history and have been requested to estimate the...

Homework Statement Using astronomical units as the unit of length , years as the time , and the mass of the Sun as the unit of mass , the value for k in kepler's third law is 1. In these units , what is the value of Newton's constant of gravitation G? Homework Equations P^2 =k*a^3...

Calculate the period of the Earth's moon if the radius of orbit was twice the actual value of 3.9 x 10^8 m. a. 1.13 x 10^6 s or 13 days b. 2.3 x 10^6 s or 26 days c. 5.14 x 10^6 s or 59 days d. 6.85 x10^6 s or 79 days So far I got: v=velocity; T=time; h= hieght from surface v=? T=...

The mean distance between the Earth and the moon is 3.84x10^8 m, and the moon has an orbital period of 27.3 days. Find the distance from Earth of an artificial satellite that has an orbital period of 8.5 days. a. 1.76x10^8 m b. 1.76x10^4 m c. 1.76x10^10 m d. 5.24x10^8 m So far I got: I...

I don't know but in school I learned it in a different way. I mean in school the Kepler's third law was thought as if all the orbits were circular. But according to the definition its all elleptical, and in the school equation we won't add the planets mass, but here...

Using Kepler's Third Law, give the formula for the period TX of planet X whose orbital radius RX is twice that of earth, RE. A. TX=(1 Year)x(RX/RE)^3 B. TX^2=(1 Year)x(RX/RE)^3 C. TX=(1 Year)x(RE/RX)^3 D. TX^2=(1 Year)x(RE/RX)^3 My book is not giving me a formula to use, so i a totally...

Two gravitaionally bound stars with equal masses m, separated by a distance d, revolve about their cneter of mass in circular orbites. Show that the period is proportional to d^3/2 and find the proportionality constant. I know that in this case, F = mv^2/r and that F=Gm^2/d^2. But where...

Two gravitionally bound stars with equal masses m, separated by a distance d, revolve about their center of mass in circular orbits. Show that the period tau is proportional to d^1.5 Could someone get me started on this? I have no idea where to begin! Thanks!

not sure what to do here.. Im being asked to compare the periods of 2 different satellites in orbit around a planet. the first one is a circular orbit of radius = r the second one orbits 1r to the left and 3r to the right around the planet. I'll attempt to draw it here :-p 0...

The inverse square law for gravitation was deduced from Kepler's third law. So how was the inverse square law for electrostatics(Coulomb's law) deduced?

PLEASE help! Kepler's third law for electrical orbits Hi there! I hope someone can help me with this problem. I've been working on this for over 5 hours and I've gotten nowhere! :eek: A positron is a particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge. A positron and an...

I'm not good at this stuff, so I need some help from some smarter people...:smile: The speed of the Sun in its orbit about the Galactic center is 220 km/sec. Its distance from the center is 8500 pc. Assuming that the Sun's orbit is circular, calculate the mass of the Galaxy (in solar...

How did Kepler come about to conclude that his third law is Radius3/Period2? How did he derive this equation?