- #1
Bobhawke
- 144
- 0
1. The exponential map is a map from the lie algebra to a matrix representation of the group. For abelian groups, the group operation of matrix multiplication for the matrix rep clearly corresponds to the operation of addition in the lie algebra:
[tex]
\sum_a \Lambda_a t_a \rightarrow exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a)[/tex]
[tex]\sum_b \Lambda'_b t_b \rightarrow exp(\sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b[/tex]
[tex]
\sum_a \Lambda_a t_a + \sum_b \Lambda'_b t_b \rightarrow exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a + \sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b ) = exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a) exp(\sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b) [/tex]
Where [tex] t_a, t_b [/tex] are elements of the lie algebra, [tex] T_a, T_b [/tex] are their matrix representations.
However, for non-abelian groups this doesn't work because in combining exponentials of non-commuting matrices we have to use the BCH formula. The last line is not true:
[tex] exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a + \sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b ) \neq exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a) exp(\sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b) [/tex]
Addition cannot be the operation on the lie algebra that corresponds to matrix multiplication for non-abelian groups. My question then is what is?
2. The tensor product of two groups is defined by
[tex]
G \otimes H = \ { (g,h) \vert g \epsilon G , h\epsilon H \ }
[/tex]
The tensor product of two matrices is defined by
[tex]
A \otimes B =\left( {\begin{array}{cc}
a_{11}B & a_{12}B \\
a_{21}B & a_{22}B \\
\end{array} } \right)
[/tex]
My question is: Why does the tensor product of two matrix reps of two groups A,B form a rep of of the group AxB? It is not obvious to me that this should be so. If anyone knows where I could find a proof of this statement it would be greatly appreciated. Also, does this hold for lie groups only or for any groups that have a matrix representation?
3. This is related to the last question. In physics you often see equations stating how tensor products of matrix reps of groups can be decomposed into their irreducible representations, e.g [tex] 3 \otimes 3 = 8 \oplus 1 [/tex] where 3 means a 3x3 matrix rep of SU(3), and 8 and 1 are the irreducible reps. But it seems to me that if you wanted to form a matrix rep of, for example, SU(3)xSU(3), the easiest thing to do would be to make a block diagonal 6x6 matrix with a copy of SU(3) in each of the blocks. Such an object would respect the group structure. And this isn't the only option, you could easily make a rep of SU(3)xSU(3) with as many dimensions as you want. My question is, when we write down a matrix rep of a tensor products of two groups, why are its dimensions always the product of the dimensions of the matrix reps of the groups we multiplied together? Why not choose some other number of dimensions?
[tex]
\sum_a \Lambda_a t_a \rightarrow exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a)[/tex]
[tex]\sum_b \Lambda'_b t_b \rightarrow exp(\sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b[/tex]
[tex]
\sum_a \Lambda_a t_a + \sum_b \Lambda'_b t_b \rightarrow exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a + \sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b ) = exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a) exp(\sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b) [/tex]
Where [tex] t_a, t_b [/tex] are elements of the lie algebra, [tex] T_a, T_b [/tex] are their matrix representations.
However, for non-abelian groups this doesn't work because in combining exponentials of non-commuting matrices we have to use the BCH formula. The last line is not true:
[tex] exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a + \sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b ) \neq exp(\sum_a \Lambda_a T_a) exp(\sum_b \Lambda'_b T_b) [/tex]
Addition cannot be the operation on the lie algebra that corresponds to matrix multiplication for non-abelian groups. My question then is what is?
2. The tensor product of two groups is defined by
[tex]
G \otimes H = \ { (g,h) \vert g \epsilon G , h\epsilon H \ }
[/tex]
The tensor product of two matrices is defined by
[tex]
A \otimes B =\left( {\begin{array}{cc}
a_{11}B & a_{12}B \\
a_{21}B & a_{22}B \\
\end{array} } \right)
[/tex]
My question is: Why does the tensor product of two matrix reps of two groups A,B form a rep of of the group AxB? It is not obvious to me that this should be so. If anyone knows where I could find a proof of this statement it would be greatly appreciated. Also, does this hold for lie groups only or for any groups that have a matrix representation?
3. This is related to the last question. In physics you often see equations stating how tensor products of matrix reps of groups can be decomposed into their irreducible representations, e.g [tex] 3 \otimes 3 = 8 \oplus 1 [/tex] where 3 means a 3x3 matrix rep of SU(3), and 8 and 1 are the irreducible reps. But it seems to me that if you wanted to form a matrix rep of, for example, SU(3)xSU(3), the easiest thing to do would be to make a block diagonal 6x6 matrix with a copy of SU(3) in each of the blocks. Such an object would respect the group structure. And this isn't the only option, you could easily make a rep of SU(3)xSU(3) with as many dimensions as you want. My question is, when we write down a matrix rep of a tensor products of two groups, why are its dimensions always the product of the dimensions of the matrix reps of the groups we multiplied together? Why not choose some other number of dimensions?