About the Orbital Dipole Moment

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of the orbital dipole moment, particularly in relation to lone pairs in chemical bonding. Participants explore the conventions used in chemistry and physics regarding dipole moments and their directional indicators.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that the dipole moment due to lone pairs is directed from the central atom towards the end of the hybridized orbital.
  • Others highlight the difference in conventions between chemistry and physics regarding the direction of dipole moments, with chemistry indicating direction from δ+ to δ- and physics pointing towards positive charges.
  • A participant questions why the dipole moment of the lone pair is directed upwards from the central atom to the extremity of the hybridized lone pair orbital.
  • Another participant expresses skepticism about the existence of a convention that indicates dipole moments, suggesting that arrows denote bond polarity instead.
  • One participant references a specific learning resource to illustrate their understanding of dipole moment representation.
  • A later reply suggests that the differences in understanding may be country-specific.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the conventions for representing dipole moments, with multiple competing views and interpretations presented throughout the discussion.

Contextual Notes

The discussion reflects varying interpretations of dipole moment conventions and their application to lone pairs, with no resolution on the definitions or representations used.

S Aditya
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I was going through the chapter Chemical Bonding in one of the books and found something about orbital dipole due to lone pairs.

In each diagram the orbital dipole due to lone pair was directed from the central atom to the end of the hybridized orbital (lone pair).

Why is that so?

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Conventionally, in chemistry, the dipole moment is indicated as pointing from δ+ to δ-. This is in contrast with the convention in physics where the dipole moment points towards the positive charges.

The presence of the lone pair contributes to the δ-. In addition, the fact that there is a lone pair is an indication that the atom on which it resides is more electronegative, which explains the presence of the arrows pointing from H to N n the first figure. All this makes the dipole moment point towards the lone pair.
 
DrClaude said:
Conventionally, in chemistry, the dipole moment is indicated as pointing from δ+ to δ-. This is in contrast with the convention in physics where the dipole moment points towards the positive charges.

The presence of the lone pair contributes to the δ-. In addition, the fact that there is a lone pair is an indication that the atom on which it resides is more electronegative, which explains the presence of the arrows pointing from H to N n the first figure. All this makes the dipole moment point towards the lone pair.

Sir, my argument is why is the dipole moment of the lone pair (and the lone pair alone) poining upwards (in this case) from the central atom (Nitrogen) to the extremity of the hybridized lone pair orbital?
 
DrClaude said:
Conventionally, in chemistry, the dipole moment is indicated as pointing from δ+ to δ-. This is in contrast with the convention in physics where the dipole moment points towards the positive charges.
I never heard of such a convention. Rather, I think that the arrows denote the polarity of the bond, and not the dipole moment. But admittedly, for a non-bonding pair there is n't much sense in speaking of the polarity.
 
Hm, maybe this is country specific?
 

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