Atom and Electron Cloud Alignment

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the possibility of aligning an atom's electron cloud or probability distribution to one side of an electron. Participants explore the implications of magnetic and electromagnetic fields, phonon vibrations, and chemical bonding on electron cloud behavior, with a focus on specific materials like copper and examples from molecular chemistry.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the clarity of the original inquiry and suggests looking into the term polarizability.
  • Another participant notes that chemical bonding alters the spherical charge distribution of atoms, providing ammonia as an example of how molecular geometry can affect electron cloud arrangement.
  • There is a mention that aligning the electron cloud may involve using magnetic fields to align magnetic moments, referencing techniques like NMR or MRI.
  • A participant discusses the role of phonon vibrations in altering molecular structure and suggests that electrons can be treated as springs in this context.
  • It is proposed that rehybridizing orbitals is a method to change the shape of an electron cloud, with examples like nitrogen and pyridine provided.
  • There is a suggestion that promoting electrons in semiconductors from valence to conduction bands might relate to the original question.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on how to achieve alignment of the electron cloud, with no consensus on a definitive method or approach. Multiple competing ideas are presented regarding the influence of magnetic fields, phonon vibrations, and chemical bonding.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include the unclear nature of the original question, the dependence on specific definitions of terms like polarizability, and the unresolved details regarding the strength of magnetic fields required for the proposed adjustments.

GoldenAtlantis
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I was wondering if there is a way to align an atoms electron cloud-orbit/probability of location to one side of an electron. For example the probability of the electron being on the closet side or being in a regular area at a regular time. i.e. regular orbit area, and or keeping the electrons on one side of the atom.

If magnetic and/or electromagnetic how strong would the field have to be for a metal plate of copper (any solid) (atom proton with MRI of .2-3 T)?
Phonon vibration adjustments (guessing)?
Any other way that the orbit/cloud could be adjusted?

Thanks
 
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Your question isn't very clear but it appears you might want to look up the term polarizability.
 
Chemical bonding also alters the spherical charge distribution of an isolated atom. For example, in ammonia (NH3) there is all kinds of evidence to show that the hydrogens are pointed toward the base of a tetrahedron, the nitrogen is near the center, and a so-called lone pair of electrons points straight up. It is known that ammonia undergoes inversion, wherein the arrangement is inverted. Vast numbers of other examples are known.
-Jim
 
Thanks For the information

I will look into these suggestions. Any other informatin or cites that I can look up would be great. Thanks.
 
Any college freshman chemistry text will have detailed and elementary description of hybridization. Incidentally, I remember a Physical Chemistry lab exercise was to measure the polarizability of a molecule. It uses an alternating electric field.
-Jim
 
GoldenAtlantis said:
I was wondering if there is a way to align an atoms electron cloud-orbit/probability of location to one side of an electron. For example the probability of the electron being on the closet side or being in a regular area at a regular time. i.e. regular orbit area, and or keeping the electrons on one side of the atom.

If magnetic and/or electromagnetic how strong would the field have to be for a metal plate of copper (any solid) (atom proton with MRI of .2-3 T)?
Phonon vibration adjustments (guessing)?
Any other way that the orbit/cloud could be adjusted?

Thanks

The magnetic field would only align the proton's and electron's magnetic moments along the field lines, as is done in NMR or MRI. The phonon vibration involves the molecule itself and is a low energy vibration. Electrons will behave as springs in this treatment.

The only effective way to alter the shape of a spherically-uniform electron cloud around the atom is to rehybridize the obital with one or more directional orbitals. The nitrogen example has been given. An example of a directional orbital for nitrogen that does not undergo inversion is pyridine.

Perhaps you are thinking of promoting electrons in semiconductors from valence bands into conduction bands?
 

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