Ball-Bearing Motor: Does Heat or EM Force Work?

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The discussion centers on the functioning of ball-bearing motors, questioning whether their operation is primarily due to heat expansion and contraction or electromagnetic forces. Participants express uncertainty, noting that neither explanation has gained widespread acceptance. Recent peer-reviewed research suggests that the electromagnetic model is favored, although it acknowledges that thermal effects may also play a role. The conversation reflects ongoing confusion and a lack of consensus in the scientific community regarding the mechanisms at work. Overall, the topic remains an area of active inquiry and debate.
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Just throwing it out there. What is your take on this? Do you think it works due to heat expansion and contraction, or due to electromagnetic forces? It was involved in one of my questions for IYPT last year and our group is still clueless about it. It seems like neither explanation is accepted yet, so I'd like to see what you guys think it is the right one.
 
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