Best angle to shoot a projectile

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SUMMARY

The optimal angle θ for firing a projectile over a hill of height H to a target distance R is derived from the projectile motion equations. The correct formula for θ is θ = arctan((H + (g * (R^2 / (2 * v_0^2)))) / (R)), where g is the acceleration due to gravity. The initial attempt using tanθ = 2H/R is incorrect because it assumes a straight-line trajectory, neglecting the parabolic nature of projectile motion. Understanding the projectile's trajectory is essential for accurate calculations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of projectile motion principles
  • Familiarity with trigonometric functions and their applications
  • Knowledge of kinematic equations
  • Basic grasp of gravitational acceleration (g)
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  • Study the derivation of projectile motion equations in detail
  • Learn about the effects of air resistance on projectile trajectories
  • Explore numerical methods for solving projectile motion problems
  • Investigate the use of simulation tools for projectile motion analysis
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Students in physics, engineers involved in ballistics, and anyone interested in optimizing projectile launch angles for accuracy in various applications.

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Homework Statement


A projectile is fired with speed v_0 (velocity subscript zero) at an angle θ from the horizontal as shown in the figure
5184_a_v2.jpg

Consider your advice to an artillery officer who has the following problem. From his current position, he must shoot over a hill of height H at a target on the other side, which has the same elevation as his gun. He knows from his accurate map both the bearing and the distance R to the target and also that the hill is halfway to the target. To shoot as accurately as possible, he wants the projectile to just barely pass above the hill.

Find the angle θ above the horizontal at which the projectile should be fired.
Express your answer in terms of H and R.

Homework Equations


v_0x = v_0 * cosθ
v_0y = v_0 * sinθ
tanθ = (sinθ)/(cosθ)

3. My attempt at a solution
According to the description, the hill is "halfway to the target". Thus, the highest point is at R/2.
I can then make a triangle with H as the opposite side and (R/2) as the adjacent side. Using trig, I get tanθ = opp/adj = H/(R/2) = 2H/R.

My final answer is thus θ = arctan(2H/R).

The answer above is incorrect and I already know what the correct answer is. What I don't understand is what's wrong with the above method? Solving it is much simpler and makes perfect sense to me. Thank you all very much.
 
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Is the projectile going to travel in a straight line up to the top of the hill and then instantly turn and do the same down to the target?
 
How about running an example problem using given values for H,R and g (local gravitational acceleration)
H = 10 meters
R = 100 meters
g = 9.81 (m/s)/s

Find launch angle A

Ive attached a personal crib sheet that may help, note that the horizontal velocity vector (vh) is constant (key fact)
 

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@Orodruin I understand now. The projectile does not move in a straight line, so trigonometry can't be used. Thanks everyone for helping.
 
what's the real answer and how do you find it?
 

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