Bike Tilting: How Racers Produce Centripetal Force

  • Context: Undergrad 
  • Thread starter Thread starter Himal kharel
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the mechanics of how motorcycle racers tilt their bikes while navigating curves, focusing on the forces involved, including centripetal force, torque, and the role of leaning versus countersteering. Participants explore various aspects of bike dynamics, including the effects of speed and rider techniques.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that tilting the bike is necessary to produce centripetal force, while others argue that the centripetal force is primarily provided by friction between the tires and the road.
  • A participant explains that leaning creates a torque about the point of contact of the tires, which affects the bike's angular momentum and turning ability.
  • There is a discussion about the effectiveness of leaning at high speeds, with some suggesting that countersteering becomes essential at those speeds.
  • Some participants propose that leaning is primarily for balance and that countersteering is the main method for turning a motorcycle.
  • One participant mentions a technique where riders swing their inside leg away from the bike during cornering, although the purpose of this technique is unclear.
  • Another participant reflects on their experience with bicycles, suggesting that they do not countersteer and rely on leaning to turn, raising questions about the differences between bicycles and motorcycles.
  • There is a claim that leaning does not accomplish anything at any speed, emphasizing the necessity of countersteering for effective turning.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express multiple competing views regarding the role of leaning and countersteering in motorcycle dynamics. The discussion remains unresolved, with no consensus on the mechanics of bike tilting and turning.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various factors that may influence the effectiveness of leaning and countersteering, including the mass of the motorcycle, the moment of inertia of the wheels, and the speed of the bike. These factors introduce complexity into the discussion without definitive conclusions.

  • #61
rcgldr said:
In the case of an unexpected decreasing radius turn, if you've already body steered to lean into the original turn, and you're now hanging off the inside of the bike in a turn, how do you "body steer" any further in order to increase the lean angle?
berkeman said:
You just keep shifting more weight over and farther down.
The assumption was the rider was already hanging off as much as possible before encountering the unexpected decreasing radius turn, so more weight can't be shifted over.

berkeman said:
Ride standing and leaning forward just enough so that you can keep a light touch on the bars to hold a steady throttle, with your weight balanced on both pegs. Keep your knees out a bit, so there is no contact with the tank, seat or side panels. Now lift your left foot off the peg, transfering all of your weight to the right peg. What happens? Which way does the bike lean, and what do the bars do (and not do)?
The bike leans right, the front tire turns right, and the rider leans left.
 
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  • #62
rcgldr said:
The assumption was the rider was already hanging off as much as possible before encountering the unexpected decreasing radius turn, so more weight can't be shifted over.

Ah, no. For regular turns, even at reasonable speed (like offramps), you just end up with the middle of your butt on the inside edge of the seat. When I need to tighten up the turn, my butt slides more off the seat and down the inside of the bike some. For either countersteering or body steering, you'll only end up way down the side of the bike when you're pulling a high lateral force (like in racetrack turns).

Fred at Reg's CLASS school had a great line that he liked to use in the classroom sessions. He talked about trusting your tires, and how to handle getting into a turn hotter than you expected. He used to say, "Just lean more, just lean more." He was referring to putting more and more weight on the inside peg, pulling with the outside thigh, and getting lower and lower. It's definitely helped me a few times :biggrin:
 
  • #63
berkeman said:
He used to say, "Just lean more, just lean more." He was referring to putting more and more weight on the inside peg, pulling with the outside thigh, and getting lower and lower.
Except that putting more weight on the inside peg corresponds to the rider leaning outwards and now the turn is is no longer coordinated if no countersteering occurred. Going back to your previous post, if you're standing on the ground, and you lift your left foot, you lean (fall) left. If you're standing on two scales, and you partially lift your left foot so the left scale shows less weight than the right scale (which now shows more weight), you also lean (fall) left.
 
Last edited:
  • #64
berkeman said:
Did you watch the video of Reg at VIR? He uses body steering exclusively.

He most assuredly does *not*, even if he thinks he does and says he does. This is part of the problem with this topic, professional instructors tossing around terms like bodysteering and countersteering aren't being precise and are winding up misleading people. What he really means is that he's achieving a flowing style using his body and arms where he doesn't deliberately and consciously blast the bars with his arms, he does it smoothly and imperceptibly.
 

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