Block slides from rest from the top of a fixed frictionless sphere

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A small block slides from rest at the top of a frictionless sphere and loses contact after traveling a vertical distance of x = R/3. The angular displacement at this point is determined to be cos(y) = 2/3. Using conservation of mechanical energy, the block's speed at the moment it loses contact is calculated as v = (2gR/3)^(1/2). The discussion confirms the calculations and concludes that the derived values for x and v are correct. The problem effectively illustrates the application of energy conservation and centripetal force in a dynamic system.
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can anyone help me to solve this question? please and thank you :D

A small block slides from rest from the top of a fixed frictionless sphere of
radius R.

Determine the vertical distance traveled by the block, x , where it loses
contact with the surface of the sphere and its speed at this point.
 
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let m be the mass of the block.
let y be the angular displacement of the block between its starting point and the point in which it loses contact with the sphere.

we can see that cos(y) = (R-x)/R, x = R[1 - cos(y)]

since there is conservation of mechanical energy, loss of gravitational potential energy will result in a gain in kinetic energy of the block, mgx = (1/2)mv2
hence, v2 = 2gx = 2gR[1 - cos(y)]

next, as the block moves down the sphere, a portion of its weight must act radially into the sphere so as to provide the required centripetal force for the motion of the block.
hence, required centripetal force = mg*cos(y) = mv2/R
substituting the value of v2 found previously into the equation, mg*cos(y) = 2mgR[1 - cos(y)]/ R
hence, rearranging the terms, we get cos(y) = 2/3

since x = R[1 - cos(y)], x = R(1 - 2/3) = R/3

since v2 = 2gx = 2gR[1 - cos(y)], v2 = 2gR/3, v = (2gr/3)1/2

is it correct?
 

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YEAh. THANK YOU!
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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