Calculate the magnitude and direction of the torque

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The torque exerted on the HCl molecule's dipole moment can be calculated using the formula τ = pEsin(θ). The dipole moment (p) is determined to be 1.6 * 10-29 Cm, derived from the charge (Q) of 1.6 * 10-19 C and the separation distance (d) of 1.0 * 10-10 m. The magnitude of the torque is calculated to be 4.5 * 10-23 Nm when subjected to an external electric field of 4.0 * 106 N/C at an angle of 45 degrees. The direction of the torque depends on the orientation of the electric field relative to the dipole moment.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of dipole moments and their calculation
  • Familiarity with torque and its mathematical representation
  • Knowledge of electric fields and their effects on charged particles
  • Basic grasp of vector cross products in physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the concept of dipole moments in more detail, focusing on molecular structures
  • Learn about the vector cross product and its applications in torque calculations
  • Explore the effects of electric fields on dipoles in various orientations
  • Investigate advanced topics in electrostatics, including potential energy of dipoles in electric fields
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics, particularly those studying electromagnetism, as well as educators and professionals involved in molecular chemistry and physics applications.

phb1762
Messages
6
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


[/B]
a) (a) Assuming the HCl molecule consists of point-like ions (H+ and Cl) separated by 1.0 * 10^-10m, find the dipole moment of the molecule.
b) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the torque exerted on this dipole if the molecule is subjected to an external electric field of 4.0*10^6 N C^(-1), when the angle between the field direction and the axis of the molecule is 45 degrees.

Homework Equations


torque = pEsin(theta)

The Attempt at a Solution


a) Assuming magnitude of charge (Q) on either ion is 1.6*10^(-19)C then using the formula for the dipole moment p = Qd I get an answer of 1.6*10^(-29)Cm.
b) For the second part of the question I'm not too sure how to find the direction of the torque. I have attempted to work out the magnitude using the relevant equation stated above and got 4.5*10^(-23)Nm but I am not too sure about this answer.

P.S I am very sorry for the sloppy writing I understand it may be hard to understand what I mean but I've spent so much time doubting my answer that now I've confused myself! Any help would be appreciated!
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Physics news on Phys.org
Your answer seems right.
In order to incorporate direction into your formula
we have
τ = p×E
so if E is 45 degrees counterclockwise of p then τ is counterclockwise
if E is 45 degrees clockwise of p then τ is clockwise

Your problem doesn't state whether it is 45° clockwise or counterclockwise but either way, the dipole will rotate so that p is aligned with E.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
1K
  • · Replies 12 ·
Replies
12
Views
1K
Replies
13
Views
2K
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 25 ·
Replies
25
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
4K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
7K