Calculating Resistors for a Photocell Dark Switch Circuit

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on designing a photocell dark switch circuit using a cadmium sulfide photocell to control a 3.5V, 0.02A LED. The circuit operates on a 12V, 250mA power input and requires a transistor, such as a BC517 Darlington or BSS170 MOSFET, to switch the LED on and off based on light levels. Key calculations involve measuring the photocell's resistance under specific light conditions and ensuring the current through the photocell exceeds the transistor's base current requirements. A resistor must be added between the transistor's base and emitter to achieve the necessary voltage for operation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic electronic components, including resistors, transistors, and LEDs.
  • Knowledge of photocell operation and its resistance characteristics under varying light conditions.
  • Familiarity with circuit design principles, including parallel resistor configurations.
  • Ability to perform calculations for current and voltage in electronic circuits.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research how to calculate resistor values for photocells in parallel circuits.
  • Learn about transistor switching circuits, specifically using Darlington pairs and MOSFETs.
  • Study the datasheet of cadmium sulfide photocells to understand their resistance behavior.
  • Experiment with circuit simulation tools to visualize and test the photocell dark switch design.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for electronics hobbyists, circuit designers, and anyone interested in building light-sensitive switching circuits using photocells and transistors.

Jaron Wiley
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Hi I am trying to make an LED 3.5V 0.02A run in a circuit that will turn it off when visible light comes on. I have a cadmium sulfide photocell I took out of a night light. The power input is 12V 250mA. I understand I need to use a transistor as a switch for the LED and I know how to calculate the resistor for the LED. I am having trouble figuring how to calculate and place resistors for the photocell parallel so that the current turns on the transistor to the LED. Any tips on where to start or formulas? I am getting about 4V on after the photocell when lights are on if that helps. Thank you!
 
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A schematic would be helpful.
 
The photocell's resistance changes an awful lot depending on the incoming light. You light find some clues in its datasheet, but it's better to experiment in the real situation. Ah, and don't hope two photocells to be identical.

Once you've measured the resistance at the desired light threshold, compute how much current flows through it from 12V, check it exceeds what the transistor's base needs (take a Darlington if needed, like BC517, or a MOS like BSS170), add a resistor between base and emitter that gives 0.65V at this curernt.
 

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