Can Closed Pipes Produce Overtones from a Single Frequency Vibration?

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    Closed Harmonics Pipe
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on whether a closed pipe can produce overtones when excited by a single frequency vibration from a tuning fork. The focus includes the effects of pipe dimensions on sound quality and the nature of sound waves in closed pipes.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions if overtones can be produced from a tuning fork vibrating at a single frequency, specifically asking about the possibility of generating a frequency three times that of the tuning fork.
  • Another participant suggests that due to end effects, the pressure wave in the pipe is not purely sinusoidal, which may lead to the presence of some overtones.
  • A participant expresses concern that while overtones may exist, they would likely be diminished in strength compared to the fundamental frequency, which may be the loudest.
  • It is proposed that the strength of the overtones is influenced by the dimensions of the pipe, with narrower pipes potentially producing a purer tone, though even low-level overtones can impact sound quality.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants have not reached a consensus on the extent to which overtones can be produced or their relative strength compared to the fundamental frequency. Multiple views on the influence of pipe dimensions and sound quality remain present.

Contextual Notes

There are assumptions regarding the nature of sound waves and the specific characteristics of closed pipes that are not fully explored. The discussion does not resolve the mathematical or physical principles governing these phenomena.

alan4cult
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If you vibrate a tuning fork over a closed pipe (a pipe with one end closed and the other open) is it possible to get overtones in the pipe even thought the tuning fork only vibrates at one frequency
For example if you have a tuning fork of freq 300HZ and you allow it too vibrate above a closed pipe is it possible to get 3 times the frequency e.g. 900Hz?
 
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Because of end effects, the pressure wave is not purely sinusoidal, leading to some overtones. That is why the sound from the pipe has a different quality than the pure tuning fork.
 
Thanks for your reply. That is what I imagined. However wouldn't the overtones be very diminished? I mean would the fundamental frequency appear the loudest?
 
The strength of the overtones would depend on the length/radius of the pipe.
A narrower pipe would have a purer tone, but even a low level of overtones can affect the quality of the sound.
 

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