Proving |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ Using Induction

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You do not need to use the fact that ##|a-b| < c## implies ##-c < a-b < c## to solve this problem. You can simply use the fact that ##|a-b| \leq c## implies ##(|a-b|)^2 \leq c^2## and then proceed as shown above.
  • #1
knowLittle
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Homework Statement


Prove for any ##a,b \in \mathbb{R^+} : |a-b| \leq \sqrt{a^2 +b^2} ##

The Attempt at a Solution



How should I start? Can I use induction?
Should I use contrapositive?
 
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  • #2
knowLittle said:

Homework Statement


Prove for any ##a,b \in \mathbb{R^+} : |a-b| \leq \sqrt{a^2 +b^2} ##

The Attempt at a Solution



How should I start? Can I use induction?
Should I use contrapositive?

You're overthinking it. Consider ##(|a-b|)^2## first.
 
  • #3
uh, are you serious?

## (|a-b|)^2 = (a^2 - 2ab + b^2 ) \leq (\sqrt{a^2 +b^2})^2 = a^2 +b^2##

Then the LHS will always be lesser for any ## \mathbb{R^+}##
 
  • #4
knowLittle said:
uh, are you serious?

## (|a-b|)^2 = (a^2 - 2ab + b^2 ) \leq (\sqrt{a^2 +b^2})^2 = a^2 +b^2##

Then the LHS will always be lesser for any ## \mathbb{R^+}##

Pretty much, except that going from this step to this: ##(a^2 - 2ab + b^2 ) \leq (\sqrt{a^2 +b^2})^2 ## is unnecessary. You can just go from this to this: ##(a^2 - 2ab + b^2 ) \leq a^2 +b^2## by observing that ##2ab > 0##.

As a final step, you still have to take the square root of both sides. You have to justify that the inequality doesn't change direction by observing the monotonic increasing nature of the square root function (just a simple sketch would do).

BTW, if a and b are both positive reals, the strict inequality sign can be used (a stronger statement), i.e. ##|a-b| < \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}.##
 
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  • #5
Wouldn't I need this first:

## -\sqrt{ a^2 + b^2} < (a-b) < \sqrt{ a^2 +b^2 }\\ ##

Then,
## a^2 +b^2 < ( a-b )^2 = (a^2 - 2ab + b^2 ) < (\sqrt{a^2 +b^2})^2 = a^2 +b^2##
Now, I don't understand
 
  • #6
knowLittle said:
Wouldn't I need this first:

## -\sqrt{ a^2 + b^2} < (a-b) < \sqrt{ a^2 +b^2 }\\ ##

Then,
## a^2 +b^2 < ( a-b )^2 = (a^2 - 2ab + b^2 ) < (\sqrt{a^2 +b^2})^2 = a^2 +b^2##
Now, I don't understand

I'm sorry, I do not understand what you're doing here.

The first step is to consider the square of the expression ##|a-b|##.

It should be trivial to recognise that ##(|a-b|)^2 = |(a-b)^2| = (a-b)^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab##

The next step is to note that ##a^2 + b^2 - 2ab < a^2 + b^2## for positive reals a and b.

That gives you ##(|a-b|)^2 < a^2 + b^2##. The final step is to take the square root of both sides.

Can you finish it off from here?
 
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  • #7
Curious3141 said:
I'm sorry, I do not understand what you're doing here.

The first step is to consider the square of the expression ##|a-b|##.

It should be trivial to recognise that ##(|a-b|)^2 = |(a-b)^2| = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab##

The next step is to note that ##a^2 + b^2 - 2ab < a^2 + b^2## for positive reals a and b.

That gives you ##(|a-b|)^2 < a^2 + b^2##. The final step is to take the square root of both sides.

Can you finish it off from here?
I see what you are doing.

About what I wrote prior to this...
I was talking about this supposedly property of absolute value
## |a-b| < c ##, then
## -c< a-b <c ##
 
  • #8
knowLittle said:
I see what you are doing.

About what I wrote prior to this...
I was talking about this supposedly property of absolute value
## |a-b| < c ##, then
## -c< a-b <c ##

That is true, but not relevant here.
 

1. How does induction prove the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$?

Induction is a mathematical proof technique that involves proving a statement for a base case (usually n = 1) and then showing that if the statement holds for an arbitrary value of n, it also holds for n+1. By proving the statement for the base case and showing that it holds for n+1, it is implied that the statement holds for all natural numbers. This method can be used to prove the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ by setting the base case as n = 1 and then showing that if the statement holds for n, it also holds for n+1.

2. What is the significance of using the absolute value in the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$?

The absolute value in the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ ensures that the result is always positive. This is important because the square root of a squared term can result in a negative or positive value, but the absolute value ensures that the result is always positive. This is necessary for proving the inequality using induction, as the proof relies on showing that the result holds for all natural numbers.

3. Can the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ be proven using methods other than induction?

Yes, the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ can also be proven using other techniques, such as direct proof or proof by contradiction. However, induction is a commonly used method for proving mathematical inequalities and can be particularly useful when dealing with statements involving natural numbers.

4. What is the intuition behind using induction to prove the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$?

The intuition behind using induction to prove the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$ is that by showing the statement holds for a base case and then showing that if it holds for an arbitrary value, it also holds for the next value, it can be concluded that the statement holds for all natural numbers. This is because the next value can always be reached by adding 1 to the previous value, and if the statement holds for n, it also holds for n+1.

5. Are there any limitations to using induction to prove the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$?

Yes, there are some limitations to using induction to prove the inequality |a-b| ≤ $\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$. For example, induction can only be used to prove statements that involve natural numbers. Additionally, the base case and the induction step must be carefully chosen in order to prove the statement correctly. Induction can also be a time-consuming process and may not always be the most efficient method for proving an inequality.

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