Can Turbines in Series Efficiently Harness Water Energy?

  • Context: Undergrad 
  • Thread starter Thread starter Pranav Jha
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Series Turbine
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the feasibility and efficiency of using turbines in series to harness water energy. Participants explore the theoretical and practical implications of extracting kinetic energy from water as it flows through multiple turbines, considering factors such as energy extraction limits, costs, and efficiency.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the feasibility of using turbines in series to capture remaining kinetic energy after the first turbine.
  • Another participant suggests that turbines in series may already be in use, prompting further inquiry.
  • A participant explains that the energy extracted from water decreases as it passes through each turbine, influenced by the remaining pressure and energy levels.
  • It is noted that hydro turbines primarily extract potential energy rather than kinetic energy, and that extracting all kinetic energy would halt water flow, complicating the process.
  • A participant discusses the diminishing returns associated with extracting kinetic energy, highlighting the relationship between velocity reduction and energy extraction efficiency, as well as the implications for turbine size and cost.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the practicality of turbines in series, with some questioning its efficiency while others suggest it may already be implemented. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the optimal approach to harnessing water energy effectively.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge various constraints, including the diminishing returns on energy extraction, the relationship between turbine size and cost, and the dependence on water flow characteristics. These factors contribute to the complexity of the discussion.

Pranav Jha
Messages
141
Reaction score
1
Why can't we use turbine in series so that the the remaining kinetic energy of water after passing through one turbine can be used to turn another turbine?
 
Science news on Phys.org
Are you sure that we don't do this?
 
After a turbine has extracted energy from a stream of high energy water, the water flowing out of it at the other end is less energetic (lower pressure).

So it depends on how much pressure is left in the water after flowing through each turbine, the cost of a second turbine, the efficiency of each turbine, and the cost of building more water channels from the reservoir and so on.
 
And note, a hydro turbine is generally extracting much more potential energy than kinetic energy. And you can never extract all of the kinetic energy, otherwise your water won't be moving anymore and if it isn't moving, how is it getting through a turbine?

Anyway, the constraints here are rapidly diminishing returns vs rapidly increasing turbine size (and therefore cost). For example, since kinetic energy is a square function of velocity, cutting the velocity in half extracts for you 3/4 of the starting kinetic energy in a water stream. To keep the mass flow rate constant, the output has to have twice the cross sectional area as the input. If you halve the velocity again, you again double the size of your output again but only extract an additional 1/5 (about) of your starting energy. Double the size of the output a third time and you've extracted more than 98% of your available kinetic energy.
 
Last edited:

Similar threads

  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
4K
Replies
5
Views
2K
Replies
8
Views
3K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
3K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
3K
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 22 ·
Replies
22
Views
2K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
8K