Cancer mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. These mutations can occur spontaneously or be caused by environmental factors, such as exposure to UV radiation or chemicals.
No, not all cancer mutations are visible. Some mutations occur in the non-coding regions of DNA and do not result in any observable physical changes. Other mutations may result in changes to a cell's appearance, such as an abnormal shape or size, but these changes may not be visible to the naked eye.
Scientists use a variety of techniques to detect cancer mutations, including DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These techniques allow them to identify specific mutations in a sample of DNA or cells.
Some cancer mutations can be inherited, but the majority of cancer mutations are acquired during a person's lifetime. Inherited mutations are present in all cells of the body and can increase a person's risk of developing certain types of cancer. Acquired mutations, on the other hand, occur in specific cells and are not passed down to offspring.
Cancer mutations can disrupt the normal functioning of cells, leading to uncontrolled growth and division. They can also affect important cellular processes, such as DNA repair and cell death, which can further contribute to the development of cancer. Additionally, some mutations may result in the production of abnormal proteins that can promote tumor growth and spread.