Choosing the Right Voltage Rating for Your Capacitor: What is the Rule of Thumb?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the appropriate voltage rating for capacitors, specifically addressing the common rule of thumb regarding whether it should be twice the operating voltage. Participants explore various considerations that influence this choice, including application specifics, potential circuit malfunctions, and material properties of capacitors.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether a voltage rating of twice the operating voltage is necessary or excessive.
  • Another participant suggests that while doubling the voltage may be a good guideline, considerations should include potential voltage spikes due to circuit malfunctions and the cost implications of using higher-rated capacitors.
  • A different viewpoint highlights the chemical reactions that can occur in capacitors when the maximum voltage is exceeded, indicating that damage is related to the extent of the voltage exceedance and the duration of exposure.
  • One participant emphasizes the variability based on vendor and material specifics, recommending consultation of the capacitor's datasheet for accurate information. They mention a practice of using a derating factor of 2/3 during the design phase before finalizing component choices.
  • A clarification is made regarding the derating value, stating that the maximum voltage can be calculated as Vmax = Vcap_rating * 2/3.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing opinions on the appropriateness of the voltage rating rule of thumb, with no consensus reached on a single best practice. Multiple competing views remain regarding the factors to consider when selecting a capacitor's voltage rating.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the choice of voltage rating can depend on specific applications, vendor specifications, and material properties, indicating that there are limitations in generalizing a single rule for all scenarios.

j777
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Hi,

What is the rule of thumb for choosing the voltage rating of a capacitor? Should it be twice the operating voltage or is this overkill?

Thanks
 
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It really depends on the application. Double the voltage may be a good rule of thumb, but you may want to consider what the voltage MAY go to in case of a circuit malfunction. Also, a consideration may be the extra cost involved using a higher rated capacitor vs. the probability of an actual failure of the capacitor.
 
In most capacitors the plates are soaked up in various chemicals, and also are electroplated. So if you exceed the max voltage, a chemical reaction takes place that can eat away the plates, make them rough and punch holes.

So obviously the damage is proportional to voltage exceeded, and time. It's all different for every cap.
 
This is a tough one to give a general answer to. Basically it is vendor and material specific so consult the datasheet of your part to be sure. In practice I usually use 2/3 during the design phase then check and optimize (for size and cost) later when doing placement and part consolidation.

To find out more do a google for "capacitor derating". I got some good hits, like this one
http://www.nemcocaps.com/PDF/TIPSDESIGNUSE.pdf
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Oh, by 2/3 I meant the derating value

Vmax = Vcap_rating * 2/3
 

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