Change in entropy per mole for an isothermal process

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SUMMARY

The change in entropy per mole for an isothermal process is calculated using the formula ΔS = ΔQ / T. In a reversible isothermal process, the internal energy change (dU) is zero, leading to the equation dQ = pdV. For one mole, the pressure is defined as p = RT / V, resulting in ΔQ = RT ln(2). Consequently, the change in entropy is ΔS = R ln(2), confirming option (c) as the correct answer.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic principles, specifically isothermal processes.
  • Familiarity with the first law of thermodynamics and the concept of internal energy.
  • Knowledge of the ideal gas law (pV = nRT).
  • Basic calculus for evaluating integrals.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the entropy formula in thermodynamics.
  • Learn about reversible and irreversible processes in thermodynamics.
  • Explore the implications of the ideal gas law in various thermodynamic scenarios.
  • Investigate the relationship between entropy and the second law of thermodynamics.
USEFUL FOR

Students of thermodynamics, physics enthusiasts, and anyone studying chemical engineering principles related to entropy and isothermal processes.

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Homework Statement


upload_2017-12-12_12-41-46.png


Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


## dS = \frac { dQ_{rev} } { T } ##

Assuming that isothermal process is a reversible processes,

## dU = dQ – pdV##

For isothermal process, dU = 0.

## dQ = pdV ##

## pV = nRT##, where n is number of moles.

For one mole,

## p = \frac { RT} { V } ##

So, ##\Delta Q = RT \int_V ^ {2V} \frac { RT} { V } dV##

## = RT \ln2##

So, ##\Delta S = \frac { \Delta Q } { T } = R \ln2 ##Hence, the correct option is (c).
 

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The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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