Component forces of a pendulum

Click For Summary
The discussion centers on the forces acting on a pendulum, particularly the tension in the string and gravitational force components. The equation T - mg cos(θ) = ma_radial is analyzed, questioning its validity and implications for the pendulum's motion. Concerns are raised about the conditions under which the string might break if the weight exceeds the tension. Clarifications are sought regarding the relationship between tension, radial acceleration, and the components of weight, especially in the context of circular motion. The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding the vector components of forces in analyzing pendulum dynamics.
yucheng
Messages
232
Reaction score
57
I refer to the website below (for more information):
http://www1.lasalle.edu/~blum/p106wks/pl106_Pendulum.htm#:~:text=The forces acting on the,the tension of the string.&text=The net radial force leads,is v2/r.)

P.S. I'll insert my specific questions in the following paragraphs in this format: {{Q(reference number):}}.
P.S.S I'll use the xy coordinate system (horizontal and vertical), also the radial and tangential coordinate system.

1607684491043.png


I am referring to the diagram above. Resolving weight into its components, the following equation was given: $$T-mg\cos\theta=ma_{radial}\tag1$$ I was wondering why is the equation true? Let me try by resolving the vector for tension. $$T_y=T\cos\theta \tag2$$ $$T_y=T\sin\theta \tag3$$ Let's assme $$T-mg\cos\theta>0$$, as if it is zero, this means that the $$weight > T$$ and the string will break. {{Q1: Is this reasoning acceptable?}}

Now, let's backtrack a bit and change the way we approached the problem. Instead of resolving weight into its components, we equate ##\tag1## with weight because otherwise, the string will break if ##w>(2)##, and the pendulum bob will not remain in circular motion if there is a component along the vertical axis ##w<(2)## {{Q2: Is this reasoning acceptable?}}. Does this mean that $$T_x=a_{radial}$$, given that the pendulum only moves along the circle in a plane, thus the change in direction is only caused by ##T_x## which is in the same plane? Well, at least that's what my textbook tells me.

Back to our original question, on equation ## (1)##, and given our reasoning on why (1) must be greater than 0, this means we can further resolve (1) into its components? Suppose we equate (1) with ##T"##, however, ##T'## does have a vertical component. The reason being there is still the tangential component of weight, and thus a vertical component of weight which (1) does not take into account. Considering our argument above how the ##a_{radial}## does not have a vertical component, how is ##T'=ma_{radial}##? {{Q3}}
 
Last edited:
Physics news on Phys.org
Where did you get the idea that the string will break if ##T>mg##? If you hang a mass from the ceiling of an elevator accelerating up with acceleration ##a##, the tension in the string is ##T=m(g+a)>mg## without the string necessarily breaking.
 
Last edited:
Your OP reads a bit confused and contains some mistakes. Basically, I'd choose ##r## and ##\theta## directions. Then the tension T plus the r-component of the weight (which is negative!) gives the resulting force in the ##r##-direction, which acts as centripetal force.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 20 ·
Replies
20
Views
2K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
3K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
4K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
2K
Replies
1
Views
1K