Confused about electron spin (stern gerlach experiment)

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the Stern-Gerlach experiment, which demonstrates the quantization of electron spin in hydrogen atoms. When a beam of hydrogen atoms passes through a nonuniform magnetic field, the atoms split into two distinct paths due to the spin of their electrons, which can have values of +1/2 or -1/2. The electrons remain bound to their respective nuclei, and the experiment does not involve free electrons, as their deflection would be dominated by Lorentz forces rather than spin effects. The participants clarify that the entire atoms are deflected, not just the electrons being stripped away.

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  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly electron spin.
  • Familiarity with the Stern-Gerlach experiment and its setup.
  • Knowledge of magnetic fields and their effects on charged particles.
  • Basic concepts of atomic structure, specifically hydrogen atoms.
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  • Research the mathematical formulation of electron spin in quantum mechanics.
  • Explore the implications of the Stern-Gerlach experiment on quantum theory.
  • Learn about the role of magnetic fields in quantum mechanics and particle physics.
  • Investigate the differences between free electrons and bound electrons in magnetic fields.
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those studying quantum mechanics and atomic physics, as well as educators seeking to explain the principles of electron spin and magnetic interactions.

bael
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Here is a diagram to help understand what I'm talking about:
Electron1Magnet.jpg


My textbook had a similar diagram that depicted the beam traveling between the two magnets as hydrogen atoms. Here is how my textbook describes it:

"When a beam of atoms that have one or more lone electrons passes through a nonuniform magnetic field (created by magnet faces with different shapes), it splits into two beams. Each electron behaves like a spinning charge and generates a tiny magnetic field, which can have one of two values of spin. The two electron fields have opposing directions, so half of the electrons are attracted by the large external magnetic field while the other half are repelled by it."

So are the electrons actually being stripped away from the nucleus by the magnetic field, which then travel in two directions, or are the entire atoms being deflected in two directions?

And my other question, do some hydrogen atoms have electrons with spin +1/2 while other H atoms have electrons with spin -1/2?
 
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The electrons remain bound to the corresponding nuclei. The experiment does not work with free electrons as the deflection due to Lorentz forces would outweight the spin effect.
To the last question: Some electrons will show a z-component (assuming that the magnetic field is in the z-direction) of + or - 1/2. Spin is a vector, so it can orient differently with respect to an external field.
 

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