Controlling LED with Transistor

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    Led Transistor
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the implementation of a circuit to control an LED using a transistor, specifically focusing on the logic that dictates the LED's state based on the voltage at a designated point. Participants explore the circuit's design, functionality, and potential issues related to power consumption and component selection.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes a logic condition where a high voltage at point "A" results in the LED being OFF, while a low or floating voltage turns the LED ON, and seeks feedback on the circuit design.
  • Another participant confirms that the circuit should work, provided that the LED's forward voltage is higher than the BJT's saturation voltage and lower than the supply voltage (Vcc), and that the base resistor is appropriately chosen for saturation.
  • A participant shares measurements indicating a forward voltage of ~1.8 V for the LED and a collector voltage of 0.2 V when conducting, questioning their understanding of saturation and the relationship between base current and collector current.
  • Another participant agrees with the understanding of saturation, mentioning the concept of "starving the collector" versus "stuffing the base" in the context of design choices for saturation.
  • A participant points out a potential drawback of the circuit, noting that it consumes more power when the LED is OFF and suggests an alternative design to mitigate power consumption.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the basic functionality of the circuit and the conditions for saturation, but there are differing views on the implications of power consumption when the LED is OFF, indicating an area of contention.

Contextual Notes

Participants discuss the assumptions regarding component values and the definitions of saturation without resolving the implications of power consumption in the circuit design.

cepheid
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I want to implement the following very simple logic:

Voltage at point "A" is high ==> LED is OFF

Voltage at point "A" is low or floating ==> LED is ON

and I came up with the attached circuit to implement it. I'm just wondering if there is anything "bad" about doing it this way, or if this circuit is OK.
 

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  • led_npn.png
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You should be okay with this basic inverter, assuming:
1) The LED forward voltage is higher than the BJT's saturation voltage V_{CE(SAT)}, and lower than V_{CC}, and
2) The base resistor is selected such that the BJT actually saturates
 
MATLABdude said:
You should be okay with this basic inverter, assuming:
1) The LED forward voltage is higher than the BJT's saturation voltage V_{CE(SAT)}, and lower than V_{CC},

Okay, well I have measured a fairly large forward voltage for this LED, ~ 1.8 V, whereas it appears that the collector is pulled down to 0.2 V when conducting (I assume that this is the saturation voltage). My Vcc is 6.0 V, since I'm using 4 AA batteries.

MATLABdude said:
and
2) The base resistor is selected such that the BJT actually saturates

My understanding of what saturation is is that the base current is large enough that the expected collector current IC = βIB, is so large that it cannot possibly be achieved by a voltage drop across the collector resistor. The required voltage drop would mean pulling the collector below ground, which the transistor cannot do. Instead the collector just gets pulled down to some small voltage value that is almost 0 -- the saturation voltage. It seems like with a choice of base resistor of 1k or 10k, saturation is happening easily. Am I understanding things correctly?
 
Things sound like they're all right. When I learned of saturation, it was "starving the collector", but it could just as easily be "stuffing the base", depending on your context and what you have available. When you design for saturation, you get to choose the value for beta, such that \beta_{SAT} < \beta_{\circ}
 
http://profmason.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/LogicProbe.jpg
 
Last edited by a moderator:
There is one-thing 'stupid' of the circuit. It will consume more power when the led is OFF.
If you wanted to have no power consumed when the led is off Pherhaps you could do so in this way. I have guessed some values.
modi.jpg
 

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