Corresponding Pressure gradient with flow velocity

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the relationship between pressure gradients and flow velocity in hydraulic engineering, specifically in the context of simulating laminar flow and oscillating waves. The user inquires about typical pressure gradients, noting that they are measured in N/m², which is equivalent to pascals (Pa). The conversation highlights that pressure gradients can vary significantly, from 0 Pa/m in a Blasius boundary layer to several TPa/m in shock waves. The user also explores the calculation of pressure gradients in open channel flow, expressing confusion over the results obtained from their simulations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of hydraulic engineering principles
  • Knowledge of fluid dynamics, specifically laminar flow
  • Familiarity with pressure gradient calculations and units
  • Basic understanding of oscillating flow and wave mechanics
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the Blasius boundary layer theory in fluid dynamics
  • Study the equations governing oscillating flow, particularly the Navier-Stokes equations
  • Learn about pressure gradient effects in open channel flow
  • Explore advanced topics in hydraulic engineering, such as shock wave dynamics
USEFUL FOR

Hydraulic engineers, fluid dynamics researchers, and students studying hydraulic systems will benefit from this discussion, particularly those focusing on flow simulations and pressure gradient analysis.

Mazzletov
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I have some questions concerning hydraulic engineering. I'm currently working an simulating laminar flow.
This laminar flow is induced by a pressure gradient. The assumed length is 1 meter, therefore the pressure gradient is equal to the actual pressure in reference with zero.

What are typical pressure gradient used in flow? I'm not certain but I think the imposed pressure gradient has units N/m². So typical values are around 1 N/m² to impose flow or am I wrong about this?
On the other hand, I'm working on oscillating waves. These wave are characterised by a certain period T and velocity amplitude. The corresponding pressure gradient can be found using the velocity gradient.

∂P(osc)/∂x = -ρw*∂u(osc)/∂t

The oscillating flow is described as with t, the time step and the density of water ;

u(osc) = U(ampl)*cos(2*π*t/T)
∂P(osc)/∂x = ρw*U(ampl)*2*π/T

If the amplitude of the velocity U(ampl) is equal to 1,5 m/s. What would my pressure gradient be equal to? I'm a little bit confused because I find a pressure gradient of 1308 kg/(m²s²) but I think I did something wrong.

Many thanks
 
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First, a N/m2 is a pascal. That is pressure. The units of pressure gradient are Pa/m in SI units. Second, pressure gradients can come in all sorts of magnitudes depending on the situation. It could range anywhere from 0 Pa/m, for example in a Blasius boundary layer, all the way up to several TPa/m, for example across a shock wave. What is your physical situation here? What sort of flow are you dealing with?
 
I'm working with open channel flow. If I use pressure gradiënt of 103 Pa, I obtain speeds of 70m/s equivalent with 250 km/h which look a little bit unbelievable hehe
 
I have encountered a vertically oriented hydraulic cylinder that is designed to actuate and slice heavy cabling into sections with a blade. The cylinder is quite small (around 1.5 inches in diameter) and has an equally small stroke. The cylinder is single acting (i.e. it is pressurized from the bottom, and vented to atmosphere with a spring return, roughly 200lbs of force on the spring). The system operates at roughly 2500 psi. Interestingly, the cylinder has a pin that passes through its...

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