Current Through an Inductor at time t

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the current through an inductor using the formula I = Io x (1 - e^(-t/Tau)), where Tau is defined as L/R. The user initially calculated Tau incorrectly as 10ns instead of the correct value of 15ns, leading to discrepancies in the expected current output. Adjustments to the LTspice simulation settings, specifically the "Time to Start Saving Data," were suggested to align the simulation results with theoretical calculations. The importance of accurate parameter values in circuit simulations is emphasized, as simple mistakes can lead to significant errors in results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of inductor behavior in electrical circuits
  • Familiarity with the formula for current through an inductor
  • Knowledge of LTspice simulation software
  • Basic principles of time constants in RC and RL circuits
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the principles of inductance and its impact on current flow
  • Learn how to effectively use LTspice for circuit simulations
  • Study the effects of time constants in RL circuits
  • Explore common pitfalls in circuit calculations and simulations
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Electrical engineering students, circuit designers, and anyone involved in simulating or analyzing inductor circuits will benefit from this discussion.

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Homework Statement


upload_2018-11-3_21-9-58.png


Homework Equations


[/B]
V = 1/L di/dt

I = Io x (1 - e^(-t/L/R)

Tau = L/R

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
Ii = 0mA ; If = 1mA

Vi = 1V ; Vf = 0V

Tau = 15uH / 1k Ohms = 10ns

If my above is correct, then voltage and current equations through inductor should be as follows:

V = 15uH di/dt

I = 1mA (1-e^(-t/10ns)


The problem is when I test current I don't get the graphical answer.
For instance, I tested at 30ns:

I = 1mA (1-e^(-30ns/10ns)
I= .001A (1-e^-3)
i= .00095A or 950uA

...but on the graph the answer is just under 0.855uA

upload_2018-11-3_21-20-40.png


One hypothesis I had is that since the voltage doesn't pulse till 1ns, somehow t time or Tau is affected. But I have tried playing with the equation by adjusting t time and/or Tau by 1ns and still don't seem to be able to come to the right answer.
 

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Lapse said:
One hypothesis I had is that since the voltage doesn't pulse till 1ns, somehow t time or Tau is affected. But I have tried playing with the equation by adjusting t time and/or Tau by 1ns and still don't seem to be able to come to the right answer.
That's certainly a good hypotheses. Clearly time needs to be shifted in some manner (not Tau, it is not affected by changing clocks). You should be able to subtract a nanosecond from time to get your equation to line up with the simulation, but there's another way, too. You can adjust LTspice to start saving data only after 1 ns. Go to the Simulate menu and choose Edit Simulation Command. Note the entry "Time to Start Saving Data". Try it out.
 
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gneill said:
That's certainly a good hypotheses. Clearly time needs to be shifted in some manner (not Tau, it is not affected by changing clocks). You should be able to subtract a nanosecond from time to get your equation to line up with the simulation, but there's another way, too. You can adjust LTspice to start saving data only after 1 ns. Go to the Simulate menu and choose Edit Simulation Command. Note the entry "Time to Start Saving Data". Try it out.

Thanks for that tip on LTspice. After applying that new simulation command:
I = 860mV - 865mV @ t = 30ns.

As you may notice, this answer is still different from what I am getting.

When I do the calculation at t = 30ns - 1ns = 29ns, my answer comes out to 945mV.

So I am still going wrong somewhere...
 
I think we'll need to see some more details of your calculations. Here's what I get using Mathcad:

upload_2018-11-4_14-52-50.png
 

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gneill said:
I think we'll need to see some more details of your calculations. Here's what I get using Mathcad:

Oh... my... goodness. I said Tau = 15uH / 1k = 10ns ? It is 15ns!

Another lesson in simple mistakes can lead to greater consequences.

Thanks for your help gneill.
 
Happy to help!
 
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