Derive energy of electric dipole in electric field

AI Thread Summary
To derive the energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field, the dipole moment is defined as p = qd. The work done, dW, is expressed as pE sin(θ) dθ, where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field. The sign of the torque, τ, in the equation can be determined by considering the orientation of the dipole relative to the field. Analyzing energy for various θ values can clarify the correct sign. Understanding the relationship between θ, p, and E is crucial for accurate derivation.
Jonsson
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Hello there,

I want to derive ##U(\theta) ## for electric dipole placed in uniforum electric field $\vec{E} = E\vec{e}_x$ where E is constant. I define the dipole moment as $p = qd$, where $d$ is the distance from the two

I write $\mathm{d}W = p\,E\sin\theta \mathrm{d}\theta = \tau\mathrm{d}\theta$, but how do I determine what the sign should be? Should it be $\tau\mathrm{d}\theta$ or $-\tau\mathrm{d}\theta$?

I don't understand how to work it out. What determines what the sign should be?

Thank you for your time.

Kind regards,
Marius
 
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How did you define theta?
Just consider the energy for different values of theta, that should give the answer.
 
Let theta be the angle between ##\vec{p}## and ##\vec{E}##.
 
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