Derive Internal Energy from Thermodynamic Identity

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the internal energy equation U = (3/2)kBT for a single molecule using the thermodynamic identity and the partition function. The partition function is defined as Z = V(aT)^(3/2), and the Helmholtz free energy is expressed as F = -kBTlnZ. The solution involves utilizing the relationship U = F + TS and simplifying the expressions for entropy S and pressure p, ultimately leading to the correct formulation of internal energy without unnecessary complications.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic identities and equations
  • Familiarity with the partition function in statistical mechanics
  • Knowledge of Helmholtz free energy and its relation to internal energy
  • Basic calculus, particularly differentiation techniques
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the partition function Z in statistical mechanics
  • Learn about the relationship between Helmholtz free energy and internal energy
  • Explore the implications of the thermodynamic identity in various systems
  • Investigate advanced topics in statistical mechanics, such as canonical ensembles
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students and researchers in thermodynamics, particularly those studying statistical mechanics and the behavior of single molecules in thermodynamic systems.

SalfordPhysics
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Homework Statement


For a single molecule, derive the internal energy U = 3/2kBT
In terms of the partition function Z, F = -kBTlnZ
Where Z = V(aT)3/2

Homework Equations


Thermodynamic identity: δF = -SδT - pδV
p = kBT/V
S = kB[ln(Z) + 3/2]

The Attempt at a Solution


U = F + TS
δU = δF + δT.S + δS.T
= -SδT - pδV + δT.S + δS.T
δU = -pδV + TδS

(δS/δU)V = 1/T

However, don't have a variable U in S to differentiate with respect to.
 
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Hint: don't forget the basic rules of differentiation, namely \left(\frac{\partial}{\partial U}\right)_{V}S(Z) = \left(\frac{\partial Z}{\partial U}\right)_{V}\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial Z}\right)_{V}S(Z)
 
I still don't see how I can solve it given that I don't have a term U to use.
The only thing I thought was solving p.dV and then substituting using U = -pdV but thing started getting messy.
Can't go for (dS/dU)V because again, no U.

Solved it, and I was just massively overcomplicating things. Just needed to use S and F known in U = F + TS
 
Last edited:

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