1. ### Internal energy in ideal gas

I have the definition of change in internal energy. $$\Delta U = Q - W$$ I can get the work by $$W = \int_{V_1}^{V_2} p dV = p \Delta V$$ however the pressure isn't constant so this wont do. ## W ## is work done by the gas and ## Q ## is amount of heat energy brought into the system. I'm...
2. ### Heat supply to a system

My book states that Heat and work represent energy in transit. The state of the system undergoes a change after heat is supplied to it and before work is extracted from it because energy gets stored in it. My doubt is here that ,heat has been transferred to the system and it says heat is energy...
3. ### Heat released during combustion at constant pressure vs volume

Greetings! I've been brushing up on some thermodynamics recently and came across a perplexing sentence in my notes and text from undergrad. It says that for a combustion reaction, such as the combustion of heptane: C7H16 (l) + 11O2 (g) ---> 7CO2 (g) + 8H2O (l) That this process carried out at...
4. ### I Internal energy and thermal energy

I'm watching a lecture introduction internal energy and in it, the lecturer states the following for some system: E_{internal} = E_{translational} + E_{vibrational} + E_{rotational} + E_{other} where ## E_{other} ## could be chemical energy, magnetic energy, electrostatic energy etc. Then...
5. ### Enthalpy & Internal Energy Change relation with Cp & Cv

Homework Statement Match the following Given : Processes do not include chemical reactions. Assume CP,m and CV,m are independent of temperature for given substance and consider only pressure-volume work in given all processes. Homework Equations ΔU = Q - W ΔH = ΔU +...
6. ### I Why is internal energy not a function of pressure?

I'm reading a book on thermal physics and the author says this: "In general, the internal energy will be a function of temperature and volume, so that we can write U =U(T,V) " How do we know this intuitively and how do we know that internal energy is not a function of pressure as well?
7. ### Energy of a Gas in equilibrium with BB-radiation

Homework Statement A closed, thermally-insulated box contains one mole of an ideal monatomic gas G in thermodynamic equilibrium with blackbody radiation B. The total internal energy of the system is ##U=U_{G}+U_{B}##, where ##U_{G}## and ##U_{B} (\propto T^4)## are the energies of the ideal gas...
8. ### I Why drop the vibrational ground state energy

This is from *Statistical Physics An Introductory Course* by *Daniel J.Amit* The text is calculating the energy of internal motions of a diatomic molecule. The internal energies of a diatomic molecule, i.e. the vibrational energy and the rotational energy is given by...
9. ### Internal energy of an ideal gas as a function of temperature

Homework Statement Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Both containers hold the same type of gas but container B has twice the volume of container A. The internal energy of the gas in container B is (a) twice that for container A (b) the same as that for...

19. ### I Enthalpy problems...

In a trasformation in which P=costant, but internal pressure is different from external pressure, ΔH=Q? I'm asking this question because I know that Q=ΔU+PΔV (where P is the external pressure) and H=U+PV (where P is the sistem pression, so the internal pressure) Am I right?
20. ### I Internal energy in irr. process with molar heat not constant

I'm a bit confused about the following situation. In a irreversible thermodynamics process the molar heat of an ideal gas changes according to a function of the temperature, say ##c_v=f(T)## (which also leads to ##c_p=R+f(T)##) and I'm asked to determine the heat exchanged during that process...
21. ### I Relation between 'P' and 'V' for an Adiabatic process

Hi All, I have a little query concerning the derivation of PV γ = constant. In my text book of Physics, first they give the equation for adiabatic process using the first law of Thermodynamics, as; dEint = W → (1) where, ΔEint ⇒ change in internal energy and W ⇒ workdone Then, they used...
22. ### B Gravitational collapse

During gravitational collapse, gravitational potential energy of the gas is converted to its internal kinetic energy so the internal energy of the clous of gas is said to be increased But isn't gravitational potential energy included in the internal energy? Shouldn't the internal energy remains...
23. ### Why don't we include VdP in U equation ?

Homework Statement I was trying to obtain Tds=dh-Vdp by differentiating the internal energy equation U=Q-PV and doing some arrangements but at the end I couldn't achieve my goal.The part that I don't understand is when we differentiate H=U+PV we obtain dH=dU + PdV + VdP and then from there we...
24. ### What is the Internal Energy of 158 moles of CO2

Homework Statement A gas bottle contains exactly 158 moles of carbon dioxide CO2. Find the change in the internal energy of this much CO2 when it is cooled from 36C down to exactly 25C at a constant pressure of 1 atm. The gas can be treated as an ideal gas with γ=1.289. The gas constant reads...
25. ### How is internal energy U(S,V) a function of temperature?

In my chemical thermodynamics class/notes (and other references I've used) it is stated throughout that internal energy U is a function of entropy and volume , i.e. it's "natural" variables are S and V: U = U(S,V) I suspect that I must take this "axiomatically" and move on. Since U is a state...
26. ### Change in internal energy during vapourization of water

Homework Statement Assuming water to be an ideal gas, enthalpy of vaporization is x joules per mole. I have to find change in internal energy an 100 degree Celsius for one mole of water. also find heat absorbed. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I initially thought that during...
27. ### Example of entropy as function of temperature only

Hi, I know that changes in entropy can be expressed as a function of temperature, specific volume, and pressure using the fundamental equations of thermodynamics: ds = du/T+pdv/T, where the changes in entropy can be caused by either changing the specific volume or the internal energy. I also...
28. ### Calculating work heat, and efficiency given a TS diagram

Homework Statement Is it possible to calculate the work done heat transfer, and efficiency of an object in a thermodynamic system, given the Temperature vs Entropy graph? Example: Homework Equations ∆U=Q-W ∆S=dQ/T e=1-(Qc/Qh) e=W/Qh The Attempt at a Solution Since this is a T vs S...
29. ### Internal energy's lower bound

Thermodynamics question: Why does the internal energy have a lower bound? I tried to explain it using postulates, but cannot get the connection between the postulates. Please do explain it briefly. Thank you.
30. ### Variation of system energy in Canonical Ensemble

A system is in contact with a reservoir at a specific temperature. The macrostate of the system is specified by the triple (N,V,T) viz., particle number, volume and temperature. The canonical ensemble can be used to analyze the situation. In the canonical ensemble, the system can exchange...