MHB Determine the type of triangle PQR

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The discussion centers on determining the type of triangle PQR given the equation $\cos P \cos Q + \sin P \sin Q \sin R = 1$. It is established that when angles P and Q are both $\frac{\pi}{4}$ and R is $\frac{\pi}{2}$, triangle PQR is a right-angled isosceles triangle. Participants confirm the correctness of this classification and share additional insights on the properties of such triangles. The conversation highlights the relationship between the angles and the specific triangle type. Overall, the analysis reinforces the conclusion that PQR is indeed a right-angled isosceles triangle.
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Determine all triangles $PQR$ for which $\cos P \cos Q+\sin P \sin Q \sin R=1$.
 
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because of symmetry in P and Q let us assume P > Q

$\sin\, R $ cannot be 1 as $\sin\, R =1$ means
$\cos\, P \cos \, Q + \sin\, P \sin\, Q = 1$
or $\cos(P-Q)= 1$
so $R = (P-Q)= \dfrac{\pi}{2}$
which is impossible
$\sin\, R $ cannot be $\lt1$ as $\sin\, R \lt 1$ means
$\cos\, P \cos \, Q + \sin\, P \sin\, Q \gt1$
or $\cos(P-Q)\gt 1$ which is impossible
so no triangle

Thanks to Opalg's comment below I revisited the ans and realized that I had done the mistake that
$\cos(P-Q)= 1$
=> $(P-Q) = \dfrac{\pi}{2}$
it should be
$P-Q = 0$ giving $P=Q=\dfrac{\pi}{4}$ and $R = \dfrac{\pi}{2}$
 
Last edited:
kaliprasad said:
because of symmetry in P and Q let us assume P > Q

$\sin\, R $ cannot be 1 as $\sin\, R =1$ means
$\cos\, P \cos \, Q + \sin\, P \sin\, Q = 1$
or $\cos(P-Q)= 1$
so $R = (P-Q)= \dfrac{\pi}{2}$
which is impossible

$\sin\, R $ cannot be $\lt1$ as $\sin\, R \lt 1$ means
$\cos\, P \cos \, Q + \sin\, P \sin\, Q \gt1$
or $\cos(P-Q)\gt 1$ which is impossible
so no triangle
[sp]What about $P = Q = \frac\pi4$, $R = \frac\pi2$?[/sp]
 
Opalg said:
[sp]What about $P = Q = \frac\pi4$, $R = \frac\pi2$?[/sp]

Thanks Opalg for your comment!

kaliprasad said:
because of symmetry in P and Q let us assume P > Q

$\sin\, R $ cannot be 1 as $\sin\, R =1$ means
$\cos\, P \cos \, Q + \sin\, P \sin\, Q = 1$
or $\cos(P-Q)= 1$
so $R = (P-Q)= \dfrac{\pi}{2}$
which is impossible
$\sin\, R $ cannot be $\lt1$ as $\sin\, R \lt 1$ means
$\cos\, P \cos \, Q + \sin\, P \sin\, Q \gt1$
or $\cos(P-Q)\gt 1$ which is impossible
so no triangle

Thanks to Opalg's comment below I revisited the ans and realized that I had done the mistake that
$\cos(P-Q)= 1$
=> $(P-Q) = \dfrac{\pi}{2}$
it should be
$P-Q = 0$ giving $P=Q=\dfrac{\pi}{4}$ and $R = \dfrac{\pi}{2}$

Thanks for participating, kali! Your answer is correct, i.e. $PQR$ is a right-angled isosceles triangle.

The other brilliant solution that I want to share here is shown as follow:
Common sense tells us that

$\cos (P-Q)\le 1$

$\cos (P-Q)=\cos P \cos Q+\sin P \sin Q \le 1$---(*)

But we are told that $\cos P \cos Q=1-\sin P \sin Q\sin R$

Hence inequality (*) becomes

$\cos (P-Q)=1-\sin P \sin Q\sin R+\sin P \sin Q \le 1$

$\cos (P-Q)=1+\sin P \sin Q(1-\sin R) \le 1$

We can conclude by now that $\sin R=1$ and $\cos (P-Q)=1$, which means $R=90^{\circ}$, $P=Q=45^{\circ}$, or $PQR$ is a right-angled isosceles triangle.
 
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