Different lengths of genes expressed

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the expression of different lengths of the same gene in various species and within the same species, focusing on the functionality of partially expressed genes and the implications of alternative splicing.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that it is possible for only a certain length of a gene to be expressed without being a random mutation, raising questions about the functionality of such expressions.
  • One participant notes that mutations can lead to truncated proteins, which may still retain functionality depending on the importance of the missing parts.
  • Alternative splicing is mentioned as a mechanism that can result in proteins of different lengths, with variations in their structure and function.
  • There is a question about whether proteins produced from splicing would have similar active sites that attract the same substrates, with responses indicating that this depends on the specific gene and the nature of the spliced sequences.
  • It is noted that after protein synthesis, enzymes can modify proteins by cutting them into smaller functional parts, adding complexity to the discussion of gene expression and protein functionality.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that partial gene expression can occur and may retain functionality, but the specifics of how this applies can vary significantly depending on the gene and the mechanisms involved. The discussion remains open regarding the implications of splicing and protein modification.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on specific gene characteristics and the complexity introduced by post-translational modifications, which are not fully resolved in the discussion.

icakeov
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I was wondering whether it can ever happen that only a certain "length" of the same gene gets expressed in different species? Or perhaps even within the same species? (Without it being a random mutation)

Basically, can a part of a gene be expressed, and still have some functionality in the organism, rather than get scrapped as a mis-folded protein?
 
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(Not sure what you mean in the first part of the question.)

icakeov said:
can a part of a gene be expressed, and still have some functionality in the organism, rather than get scrapped as a mis-folded protein?
Yes that can happen.

Some mutations can result in a truncated protein by inserting a stop codon into the protein encoding sequence. This can cause a non-functional protein, but not always. Some can still have function. Depends how much of the protein is removed and how important the missing part was to its function.

In addition, there are often (in vertebrates) splicing alternatives where the mRNA can have some of this part or some of that part removed, leading to proteins of different lengths or have differences in different parts of the protein.
 
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Thanks BillTre! Totally what I was asking.
The two questions are essentially supposed to be the same, glad I reworded it in the second part.
Would these "similar" proteins that are built out of splices still have similar "active sites" that attract similar or same substrates?
 
icakeov said:
Would these "similar" proteins that are built out of splices still have similar "active sites" that attract similar or same substrates?
It depends on the particular gene.
The mRNA can use one bit of sequence or another at different places to make the final protein.
The different parts can be quite similar or quite distinct.

Another added complexity occurs after the protein is made. Enzymes can come along and cut out specific parts of the protein to make one or more smaller parts that are the final products. Precursors for Proopiomelanocortin is a example of this, a precursor protein that is cut up into several hormone acting peptides .
 
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Great, thank you!
 

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