The discussion centers around the chemical interactions of identical compounds and whether their molecular properties can change when they interact with one another. It begins with a query about whether identical compounds can undergo chemical reactions, particularly in a scenario where they are surrounded by the same type of molecule. The conversation explores examples of polymers, such as starch and cellulose, highlighting how the arrangement of identical molecules can lead to different properties. Participants mention specific reactions, such as oxygen forming O2 and nitrogen dioxide reacting to form dinitrogen tetroxide under certain conditions. The concept of self-reaction is further illustrated with formaldehyde, which can polymerize when it condenses. The term "disproportionation" is introduced as a relevant chemical phenomenon. Overall, the consensus is that while identical molecules can react to form new structures, they cannot change into the same molecule without altering their composition.